Bull and Bear cycle by month, what's next for the crypto market?

By: blockbeats|2025/03/03 05:15:03
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Original Article Title: Bull or Bear: And What's next?
Original Article Author: Ignas, DeFi Research
Original Article Translation: Deep Tide TechFlow

In June 2021, when ETH plummeted from $4,300 to $2,150, halving in price, I chose to sell all my assets.

Bull and Bear cycle by month, what's next for the crypto market?

At that time, I was exhausted by the high intensity of the bull market. The continuous research and work had worn me out, and I was desperate for everything to stop. When my investment portfolio shrunk by 50%, I thought it was a signal of a bear market, so I decisively liquidated all my holdings and felt a wave of relief.

However, the market quickly rebounded afterwards, with ETH skyrocketing by 125% to reach $4,800. I could only watch from the sidelines, although I earned some gains by holding stablecoins, I missed out on this rebound.

Now, I feel like we are in a similar stage again, but this time my mental state is stronger. I choose to hold my assets firmly and wait for the market to recover.

But what if I am wrong? What if this time is really the beginning of a bear market?

The current market sentiment is dominated by fear: the impact of Trump's tariff policy, the stock market at an all-time high which may trigger a crash, subsequently dragging down the cryptocurrency market. At the same time, you may have noticed that Warren Buffett is holding a large amount of cash, which makes you wonder if he knows something we don't. The "smart people" on Social Media platform X are making pessimistic forecasts, claiming that the market is about to collapse.

This is what is known as Goblin Town (a colloquial term for a market crash).

Nevertheless, I choose not to be overwhelmed by this fear, uncertainty, and doubt (FUD), and I hope to help everyone calmly analyze the current situation by sharing some market data and insights.

Is Bitcoin Still in a Bull Market?

Here are some indicators from CryptoQuant to help determine whether the Bitcoin price is overvalued (expensive) or undervalued (cheap).

MVRV Z-Score Indicator

The MVRV Z-Score is used to measure whether the Bitcoin price is deviating from its historical trend, indicating whether it is overvalued (red zone) or undervalued (green zone).

Currently, the Bitcoin price has not entered the overvalued zone but is also significantly above the undervalued zone.

The market still has room for growth, but it is currently in a mid-term cycle rather than an early stage.

NUPL (Net Unrealized Profit/Loss) Ratio

The NUPL indicator measures market sentiment based on unrealized profits, indicating whether the market is fearful, optimistic, or euphoric.

Currently in the optimistic/denial phase (~0.48), indicating that the majority of holders are still in a profitable state.

Historically, when NUPL is above 0.6, the market usually enters a greedy/euphoric phase, signaling the arrival of a top.

HODLer SOPR (Spent Output Profit Ratio)

SOPR tracks the behavior of long-term holders to determine whether they are selling assets at a profit or loss.

· The current value is 1.5, indicating that long-term holders are realizing profits, but the selling pressure is not aggressive.

· In a healthy uptrend, long-term holders consistently taking profits is a normal occurrence.

CryptoQuant P&L Index

This index combines MVRV, NUPL, and SOPR data to assess the overall market valuation.

· Currently above its 365-day moving average, confirming the bull market is still ongoing.

· When the index exceeds 1.0, it may indicate the formation of a market cycle top.

CryptoQuant Bitcoin Bull/Bear Cycle Index

If you only pay attention to one Bitcoin indicator, I recommend this one. It is a momentum indicator based on the P&L index used to track Bitcoin's bull/bear cycles.

Bitcoin is currently firmly in the bull market zone (orange), indicating a strong upward market trend.

However, it has not yet entered the overheated bull market zone (red), which historically signals the top of the cycle.

Summary – What Will Happen Next?

· Bitcoin is currently in the mid-term stage of the bull market cycle.

· Holders are gradually taking profits, but the market has not shown extreme euphoria yet.

· There is still room for further upside potential before the price reaches overvaluation.

If history repeats itself, Bitcoin still has the potential to rise before reaching the key cycle top.

Interestingly, a chart shared by CZ on Twitter perfectly reflects my sentiment about the market's future direction:

「I won't look at the chart, but...」—CZ said this on Twitter.

Currently, Bitcoin has confirmed its entry into a bull market, but it has not reached the euphoric levels seen at the top of past cycles. On-chain data indicates that the market still has room to rise, but some holders have started to take profits.

Ethereum's Current State: Cause for Concern

Over the past two years, ETH has seen a 70% price decline against BTC. Just since December 2024, it has already dropped by 48%!

Furthermore, there have been no positive signals from ETH ETF fund outflows.

Is ETH Currently the Most Attractive Risk-Reward Opportunity?

I shared some viewpoints on Twitter, suggesting that catalysts for ETH are gradually building up:

· There has been a leadership change at the Ethereum Foundation (Aya stepping down, but the new executive director has not been announced yet).

· Initiatives to scale L1 have begun. Although currently only adjusting the Gas limit, the shift in mindset itself is significant.

· Pectra has introduced EIP-7702 (Simplified Approval Mechanism) and the EF's Open Intents Framework, both of which will significantly improve the user experience of L2.

· The community's interest in memecoins is gradually waning, with more people starting to focus on Ethereum's fundamentals.

· The buzz around MegaETH indicates: 1) People are still enthusiastic about innovative L2 solutions, 2) The success of L2 further validates the modularization concept.

· Base has announced a reduction in block time from 2 seconds to 200 milliseconds and the introduction of L3 (similar to MegaETH's concept). Although I am personally not a fan of Base.

· Ethereum remains the best public blockchain for asset tokenization, with even BlackRock endorsing it.

· ETH's price has been severely oversold, really low, haha.

The implementation of L1 scaling may take several years, and improving user experience will require support from multiple partners (e.g., Base has not yet joined the Open Intents Framework).

Ethereum's Future Outlook: Bullish or Bearish?

My major concern is that ETH may completely miss out on this bull run and only become a compelling buy opportunity during the next bear market.

However, market sentiment can change rapidly. If the Ethereum Foundation and the broader community can make substantial progress in the following areas:

1) L1 scaling,

2) Significant improvement in L2 modularized user experience,

3) The community overcoming the current "loser mentality,"

then ETH may see a strong rebound in the latter part of this cycle and take the lead.

However, as of now, SOL's market cap is only 3.8% of ETH's, it offers a better user experience, and over time, its Lindy Effect is strengthening (as long as the network remains stable).

These factors will pose a challenge to ETH's dominance in the smart contract arena.

Memecoin: Metrics to Watch

Robust Speculation Index can measure a memecoin's outperformance against Bitcoin across multiple timeframes.

· The current metric is at a low level (around 0.0-0.2), indicating that Bitcoin is outperforming most altcoins.

· Historically, when speculative activity is at a low point, it usually sets the stage for an altcoin bounce.

Aylo shared a similar Crypto Breadth chart on Twitter, suggesting that altcoins may have bottomed out. If Bitcoin's strength can persist, we may expect a rally in altcoins.

Question: Which Altcoins Should I Buy?

When selecting altcoins, I rely on the following criteria:

· No significant token unlock events in the short term.

· Product-Market Fit is good, meaning the product can meet market demand and gain user acceptance.

· Revenue-Sharing Mechanism (e.g., token buyback) is a significant bonus.

FLUID is a decentralized lending protocol that was launched just a few months ago, but it has already shown competitive trading volume on decentralized exchanges (DEXes) compared to Uniswap. Recently, FLUID announced an upcoming token buyback plan, which makes me confident about its future development.

Other Altcoins Worth Watching:

ENA: Successfully survived the Bybit hack and multiple rounds of liquidation waves. Recently completed a $100 million funding round at a price of $0.4. Additionally, more protocols and centralized exchanges (CEXes) are adopting sUSDe, which makes me very bullish on its potential. The issue is that a significant token unlock for ENA is imminent, which could put pressure on the price.

$SKY (formerly MKR): Taiki's analysis highlighted some key points:

· $30 million in token buybacks monthly (approximately 1.9% of the supply).

· USDS (formerly DAI) supply is nearing an all-time high.

· SPK Farming has increased token demand and a source of revenue.

· Stablecoin regulation may become a positive factor.

$KMNO: Dominating the lending market on the Solana chain, with a TVL (Total Value Locked) of up to $1.8 billion while having a market cap of only $85 million. This indicates that its valuation may be underestimated. The issue is that Solana chain users are more traders than yield farmers. However, this situation could change at any time.

Sonic's $S: Its DeFi ecosystem is rapidly expanding (including deployments on key protocols like Aave), in addition to a 200 million $S airdrop plan, a high-quality user experience, and growing attention on X. More importantly, there are no large-scale token unlock events, providing it with a more stable price foundation.

HYPE: There are many discussions on X about its excellent tokenomics and strong community, worth paying attention to.

PENDLE: As the market begins to focus on fundamentals and speculators look for yield, Pendle is a very promising choice.

AAVE: Undergoing a tokenomics adjustment, the 3.3 version upgrade has brought stronger income performance.

What else am I missing?

Additionally, I am very excited about the upcoming token airdrops for MegaETH, Monad, Farcaster, Eclipse, Initia, Linea, and Polymarket.

Macroeconomic Environment

I fully believe in Bitcoin's value as digital gold. Compared to gold, Bitcoin supports self-custody and has greater portability, making it more attractive.

The current macroeconomic environment provides an excellent testing ground for Bitcoin: tariff policies, wars, fiscal deficits, large-scale money printing... All of this presents a potential tailwind for Bitcoin.

In my 2025 blog post "The Truth and Lies of Cryptocurrency," I cited BlackRock's research: Bitcoin sometimes experiences sell-offs at the onset of major macro events. However, chaos and uncertainty, along with potential money printing, will ultimately provide strong support for Bitcoin.

Current Market Observation

I believe that the recent market volatility is a result of the sudden deviation from the established global order by Trump. This uncertainty has led to short-term panic in the market. However, people will gradually adapt to this new global reality.

Fundamentally, there has been no real change that undermines the basic principles of cryptocurrency. On the contrary, we see more and more positive news every day: the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has dismissed some cryptocurrency lawsuits, introduced new cryptocurrency bills, and even the government's overall attitude towards cryptocurrency is gradually becoming more positive.

However, one point raised by Ansem is worth noting: when positive news fails to drive price increases, it is actually a bearish signal. This indicates that the market may need some time to digest and adjust to the current situation.

Nevertheless, I still hope that the market's adjustment speed will be faster than his optimistic predictions for 2026/27.

If Raoul Pal's analysis and charts are correct, Bitcoin's price should catch up with the global M2 money supply growth trend before 2026. M2 money supply is a key indicator of global currency circulation, and if Bitcoin can match it, it will further solidify its position as "digital gold."

Summary

In conclusion, I remain confident in the cryptocurrency market and believe that as long as we remain patient, we will eventually reap the rewards.

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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