Timeline | OM plunges over 80% – Whose "Fault" Is It: Team, Liquidity Provider, or Investor?

By: blockbeats|2025/04/14 04:00:03
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In the early morning, the RWA sector project MANTRA (OM) experienced a rapid 90% drop, plummeting from $6 to $0.5, causing its market value to plummet by over $5.5 billion. Three hours later, the MANTRA team released a statement indicating that the drop was triggered by an irrational liquidation event unrelated to the project itself, asserting that it was not the team's doing. Subsequently, OM rebounded from around $0.5 to $1.2, experiencing a brief price spike. According to Coinglass data, within a mere four hours, the amount of OM contracts liquidated reached $58 million.

Prior to this steep decline, OM had gone through multiple violent price surge phases since November last year, earning the nickname "Strong Whale Demon Coin" from the community. Related reading: "After Evaporating $5.5 Billion in 15 Minutes and Surging 4x, Why Did the 'Demon Coin' OM Suddenly Crash?". So, what is the truth behind this sudden drop? Was it truly caused by off-exchange trading liquidations? BlockBeats will continue to monitor and provide real-time updates. Below is a timeline of the events:

9:06 AM: 10 OM positions worth over a million dollars liquidated in the past 12 hours

At 9:06 AM, according to Coinglass data, 10 OM positions worth over a million dollars were liquidated in the past 12 hours.

On-chain Monitoring: Ahead of OM's Flash Crash, 4.5% of the circulating supply transferred to CEX with strategic investor Laser Digital suspected to be involved
At 8:40 AM, as per The Data Nerd's monitoring, 6 hours prior to OM's price plummet from $6 to 90% down to $0.4, over the past 3 days, 24.4 million OM tokens (equivalent to approximately $143.94 million at the time) were moved from 5 wallets to OKX. Four wallets had the same operational pattern: withdrawals from Binance last month followed by deposits to OKX.

At 8:55 AM, according to Lookonchain monitoring, prior to OM's collapse (since April 7), at least 17 wallets deposited 43.6 million OM (equivalent to $227 million at the time) to a CEX, accounting for 4.5% of the circulating supply. Based on Arkham's tags, two of the addresses are associated with Laser Digital. Laser Digital is a strategic investor in MANTRA.

At 9:56 AM, according to Spot On Chain monitoring, just 3 days before the crash, a certain OM whale group transferred 14.27 million OM tokens at an average price of $6.375 (approximately $91 million at the time) to OKX. Back in late March, they had collectively withdrawn 84.15 million OM tokens from Binance, totaling around $564.7 million (at an average of $6.711). Now, after experiencing about a 90% plummet, their remaining 69.08 million OM tokens are only worth $62.2 million — an estimated total loss of up to $406.3 million. Spot On Chain suggests they may have hedged this portion of their position elsewhere, which may have been one of the reasons for this crash.

At 8:28 AM: The total net open interest in OM contracts reached $136 million, with a 24-hour decrease of 60.95%; in nearly 12 hours, the total liquidation amount exceeded $65 million, second only to Bitcoin

According to Coinglass data, the total net open interest in OM contracts was $136 million, with a holding of 134 million OM tokens, experiencing a 24-hour decrease of 60.95%. Binance held the highest market share, with an OM contract position of $33.038 million, accounting for 24.33%. Additionally, in the past nearly 12 hours, the total liquidation amount for OM exceeded $65 million, with long liquidations amounting to $47.3255 million. In this period, the liquidation volume of this currency was second only to Bitcoin.

Timeline | OM plunges over 80% – Whose

MANTRA Founder: OM Crash Not Due to Binance, but Caused by Improper Forced Liquidations on Other CEXs

At 7:16 AM, MANTRA founder JP Mullin responded to the OM crash event on social media, stating that this market imbalance was not caused by the team, MANTRA Chain Association, its core advisors, or MANTRA's investors selling tokens, nor was it due to Binance, but rather improper forced liquidations on other CEXs.

JP Mullin indicated that this market imbalance was not caused by the team, MANTRA Chain Association, its core advisors, or MANTRA's investors selling tokens. The tokens remain in a locked state and follow the previously announced unlock schedule. In the next few hours, the team will host a community AMA on Platform X to further discuss these events.

4:51 AM: OM Responds to Early Morning Flash Crash: Volatility Caused by Disorderly Liquidation, Not Team's Doing

At 4:51 AM, the MANTRA community released a statement stating that today's OM's abnormal volatility was caused by a "disorderly liquidation," unrelated to the project itself, and emphasizing that the event was not caused by the team. The official team stated that they are investigating the specific reasons and will announce more details soon.

MANTRA stated that the timing and depth of the crash indicate that account positions were closed very abruptly and without sufficient warning or notice. This situation occurred during a period of low liquidity in the early morning Asian time zone, which at least indicates a certain degree of negligence on the part of the CEX or could possibly be intentional market manipulation.

“CEX partners play a crucial role in providing liquidity for projects like ours. We work closely with them; however, they still have significant discretion. When this discretion is exercised without proper internal and external oversight, as it may have been recently, market dislocation can occur, harming the interests of the project and investors. It needs to be clarified that this market dislocation was not caused by the team, MANTRA Chain Association, its core advisors, or MANTRA's investors selling off tokens. The tokens remain locked and are subject to the disclosed vesting periods. OM's tokenomics remain unchanged, as stated in our latest token report last week. Our token wallet addresses are online and visible.”

4:00 AM: Liquidity Provider's Algorithm Abnormally Drives up BTCDOM Perpetual Contract by 20%
At 4:01 AM, according to Formula News, an unidentified liquidity provider experienced an algorithm error following OM's (Mantra) flash crash, unintentionally driving up the Binance platform's BTCDOM (Bitcoin Dominance Index) perpetual contract by 20%.

The BTCDOM index includes the top 20 cryptocurrencies by market capitalization on Binance and Binance Futures, excluding BTC and stablecoins, with OM's weight at only about 5%. The unusual fluctuation is suspected to have resulted from the liquidity provider mistakenly interpreting the sharp price movement of OM as a structural change in the market, triggering a strategic buy-in operation in error.

3:00 AM: CZ Responds to OM's Flash Crash: Do Not Chase Narratives, CEX Should No Longer Have Listing Processes, Investors Should Decide on Trading Pairs Themselves

Around 3:00 AM, CZ, following OM's drop, posted on Platform X advising investors, “Do not chase narratives. Stick to fundamental projects with users, revenue, and profits.” In response to the community's questioning of whether "Binance platform had conducted due diligence on OM's flash crash," CZ once again emphasized that CEX should no longer have listing processes, and investors should decide on trading pairs themselves.

2 AM: OM Suffers Sudden Crash, Over 80% 24-hour Loss

Around 2 AM on April 14, according to HTX market data, OM experienced a short-term drop of over 67%. Additionally, Coinglass data shows that within the last hour, OM saw $28.61 million in liquidations, with long liquidations accounting for around $28.14 million and short liquidations around $0.47 million. Subsequently, OM's 24-hour loss expanded to 80%.

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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