104% Tariff Threat Sparks US-China Trade War Panic, Can Bitcoin Hold $70,000 Key Level?

By: blockbeats|2025/04/09 03:00:02
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The attempt to buy the dip failed as the market did not receive any good news. Early this morning, the White House Press Secretary announced that the additional 104% tariff on China went into effect at noon Eastern Time, leading to another global financial market plunge.

On April 3, when Trump's tariff policy was introduced, U.S. Treasury Secretary Benson advised in a post that all countries should refrain from retaliatory actions and wait to see if there are any negotiations before April 9. There was even a rerun of the "fake news" drama, hoping that Trump might be willing to negotiate on the trade barriers he imposed on multiple countries and specific products, triggering a short-lived "resurrection" in the global capital markets.

Related Reading: "CNBC Guest's Catchphrase Leads to $3 Trillion 'Tariff Fiasco,' Becoming the Most Absurd 10 Minutes in Financial History"

However, after days of bargaining, the market did not receive any good news. From 10% at the beginning of the year to 20% in March, then 34% in early April, and now with an additional 50% "retaliatory escalation," the U.S.-China trade friction has escalated into an "economic nuclear war."

Amid U.S.-China Trade War, Can the Stock Market Hold Up?

Since the Trump administration announced a new round of tariff policies last week, the international capital markets have experienced severe turbulence, with the U.S. stock market taking the brunt of it. By the end of trading on Tuesday, the S&P 500 index fell below 5,000 points for the first time in nearly a year, down 18.9% from its peak on February 19, just a step away from the 20% decline threshold of a "technical bear market." It is estimated that the market capitalization of S&P 500 index constituents evaporated by $5.8 trillion in four trading days, marking the most severe four-day consecutive decline since the index was established in the 1950s.

104% Tariff Threat Sparks US-China Trade War Panic, Can Bitcoin Hold $70,000 Key Level?

Simultaneously, the U.S. tariff policy has triggered a chain reaction in the global capital markets. According to Bloomberg, since April 3 when Trump proposed the so-called "reciprocal tariffs," the total market value of global stocks has shrunk by $10 trillion, slightly higher than half of the EU's GDP. U.S. tech giants have been hit hard, with Apple, Microsoft, and seven other major tech companies collectively losing $1.65 trillion in market value. Apple, due to its heavy reliance on overseas supply chains, saw its stock price plummet by nearly 23% in four days, marking the largest weekly drop since the outbreak of the 2020 pandemic.

Previously, many thought leaders in the crypto community believed that crypto assets would not be affected by traditional tariffs as their transactions do not need to pass through borders and customs. They argued that in the face of a new era of global trade protectionism and barriers, the value proposition of cryptocurrencies would be even more pronounced. Michael Saylor, the founder of MicroStrategy, stated on April 3, "Bitcoin has no tariffs."

However, the total cryptocurrency market capitalization has dropped by 35% from its peak in December 2024, falling from $3.9 trillion to $2.5 trillion. The "Cryptocurrency Fear and Greed Index" is currently at 17, indicating extreme fear and signaling a bearish market sentiment.

Last night, Bitcoin once again fell below $75,000. Meanwhile, BTC dominance continues to rise, the altcoin market is in a dire state, and Ethereum has once again dropped below $1,400.

Over the past 12 hours, the crypto market has seen a total of $243 million in liquidations, with $192 million from long liquidations and $51.03 million from short liquidations.

The ongoing decline in Bitcoin's price may even force the "HODL" strategy holders to sell their Bitcoin holdings. According to a Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 7th, if the Bitcoin price continues to fall, the holders may be forced to sell their Bitcoin holdings to meet their obligations, breaking Michael Saylor's "never selling Bitcoin" pledge.

Since Trump's victory in the November 2024 election, the holders have acquired 275,965 BTC at an average price of $93,228 per BTC ($25.73 billion), with this portion currently holding an unrealized loss of $4.6 billion.

Growing Pessimism: Analysts' Views on the Current Market

Over the past week, several Wall Street banks, including Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan, have warned that if the trade war continues to escalate, the U.S. and global economy could enter a recession this year, further weakening the attractiveness of the financial markets.

Despite this, the White House team is celebrating victory. "We are bottoming now, really bottoming," said Peter Navarro, Trump's chief trade advisor, on Fox News on Monday night. "The rebound is coming. The companies in the S&P 500 that have brought production back to the U.S. will drive the recovery, and it will happen quickly. The Dow at 50,000, I bet my bottom dollar, and there will be no recession."

However, Navarro's optimistic comments did not receive Jamie Dimon's, CEO of JPMorgan, endorsement. In his annual shareholder letter on Monday, Dimon warned that Trump's tariffs would raise prices, drag down the global economy, and weaken the U.S.'s global position by disrupting its ally system. Even some of Trump's allies, including Elon Musk and Bill Ackman, have recently warned that this tariff policy is seriously flawed and is the wrong approach.

Related Reading:《How Do Wall Street Big Shots View Trump's Tariff Policy After the Financial Market Bloodbath?

Crypto analyst Phyrex believes that from the Fed's behavior logic, even a "defensive rate cut" is unlikely to be implemented quickly unless inflation significantly falls. The real watershed may be when the US GDP data is released at the end of April.

Looking at the crypto market, BTC's turnover rate has dropped today. URPD data shows that even though the price has dropped below $77,000, investors in the $93,000 to $98,000 range have hardly reduced their positions. This indicates that the current selling pressure is not coming from high-level holders, panic selling at the top has not occurred, the on-chain structure is relatively healthy, and as long as there is no more frequent policy reversal in the future, BTC and the risk market may still have room for a phase-wise recovery.

As US treasuries no longer act as a safe haven, the 10-year treasury yield has risen to around 4.3%, higher than the level at the end of March, pushing up the cost of mortgages and other types of loans. The 30-year US bond yield closed at 4.76%, rising by nearly half a percentage point from Monday's low. The US two-year to ten-year treasury yield spread widened to 48 basis points, the steepest level since May 2022.

BitMEX co-founder Arthur Hayes posted, "The Fed doesn't have much time left, the situation is out of control. Previously, a stock market decline would lead to a drop in the US 10-year bond yield, benefiting risky assets. But now, a stock market decline accompanied by an increase in the US 10-year bond yield is a bad thing. The market has finally realized that if US dollar export revenues decrease, there will no longer be buying pressure for bonds or stocks, and the game is over."

Pessimistic expectations are still strengthening. Trader Eugene wrote, "The introduction of global trade tariffs marks a change in the world order unseen in over 50 years. Free trade has been a key factor driving productivity and economic growth, leading to the longest bull market in history. A shift from openness to protectionism will have far-reaching consequences, which will take years to gradually emerge unless Trump completely abandons his tariff plan. I believe this possibility is very low. This will pose a significant long-term resistance to global risky assets."

Regarding cryptocurrency, the recent structural decline in active developers may be the most worrying thing. In the previous cycle, we could observe developer activity and feel reassured because we knew our industry was still benefiting from long-term tailwinds. Fast forward 2-3 years, and we have not produced anything particularly interesting or important, and the future outlook is even worse than it was back then.

In the previous cycle, we were looking forward to the launch of an ETF and a better regulatory environment under government support for cryptocurrency, as the light at the end of the tunnel. Now that all of these have materialized, but once again failed to meet expectations, I don't see anything in the future that could free cryptocurrency from its inherent "Ouroboros" (a self-repeating, self-devouring conundrum).

Looking at a more macro level, the world is currently experiencing a once-in-a-century upheaval. Billionaire hedge fund manager and Bridgewater Associates founder Ray Dalio wrote that while the market and the economy are currently focused on tariffs, deeper global issues should not be overlooked. He pointed out that we are in a "classic collapse" phase of monetary, political, and geopolitical orders, a situation that may only occur once in a lifetime but has occurred multiple times in history.

Dalio suggested not to be distracted by short-term events like tariffs and instead focus on the interaction of five key forces (economic, political, geopolitical, natural, technological). Studying similar cycles in history (such as currency crises) can help predict the future.

"The current changes are part of a historically significant cycle, where tariffs are just a manifestation, and the real driving force is the structural collapse of the monetary, political, and geopolitical order. Understanding the interaction of these forces and learning from historical experiences is essential to better prepare for the future."

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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