Solana SIMD-0228 Proposal Vote Did Not Pass, Who Voted Against Multicoin?

By: blockbeats|2025/03/14 06:00:03
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On the morning of March 13, the Solana community witnessed a highly anticipated vote result: Proposal SIMD-0228 failed to pass with 43.6% approval, falling short of the required two-thirds majority. This proposal, introduced by Multicoin Capital in January of this year, aimed to adjust SOL's inflation model from a fixed to a dynamic one. The proposal set a target staking ratio of 50% to enhance network security and decentralization. If the staking ratio exceeds 50%, the supply would decrease to discourage further staking; if it falls below 50%, the supply would increase to incentivize staking. The inflation rate would fluctuate between 0% and the highest value based on the current issuance curve. Currently, Solana's inflation mechanism is fixed, with the SOL staking reward issuance rate remaining constant. If the proposal had passed, the inflation rate would adjust based on market dynamics. According to a Coin Metrics report, as of February, Solana's inflation rate is 4%, lower than the initial 8%, but still well above the 1.5% terminal goal, and is currently declining at an annual rate of 15%.

In essence, this proposal aimed to adjust the issuance of SOL tokens to reduce the inflation rate and make the network's economy healthier. Following the result, discussions on Platform X quickly heated up, with voices from both supporters and opposers.

Solana SIMD-0228 Proposal Vote Did Not Pass, Who Voted Against Multicoin?

How Does the Community Perceive This?

With the failure of Proposal SIMD-0228, some users like @Airdrop_Guard interpreted this outcome as a "retail uprising against capitalists' failure once again." On the eve of the vote, supporters of the proposal were hopeful, believing that this reform could be a turning point for Solana. They pointed out that the current Solana network's annual emission inflation rate is 4.91%, adding 28 million SOL tokens per year, which, at the current market price, is equivalent to adding $3.46 billion in selling pressure. The proposition of SIMD-0228 was precisely to address this issue through dynamically adjusting the inflation rate. Unfortunately, this compromise solution did not garner enough support and ultimately could not be implemented.

Others who supported Proposal SIMD-0228 also believed that reducing inflation presented an excellent opportunity to give SOL more value. Helius Labs founder @0xMert_ urged support for the proposal from a long-term perspective: "This is for the network's health and future; we cannot miss this opportunity."

Supporters believed that if the proposal had passed, SOL would not only attract more investors but also solidify Solana's position in the blockchain world. In their eyes, SIMD-0228 was an economic "booster" that would make Solana stronger. User @Web3Precious on Platform X said, "Reducing inflation equals a scarcer SOL, which is more valuable to us stakers." To them, the current fixed issuance is akin to constantly "printing money," while the new model could make the network more efficient and competitive.

The opponents of the proposal breathed a sigh of relief. They were mainly concerned that if SIMD-0228 proposal were to pass, although it would seemingly reduce inflation on the surface, it might sacrifice Solana's core advantage — decentralization. @solblaze_org has spoken out multiple times on Twitter, warning: "This proposal could ruin Solana's decentralization, and we must oppose it!" His reason is that reducing staking rewards would make it difficult for small validators to survive, ultimately leading to network power centralization in the hands of a few major players.

@David_Grid has also expressed similar concerns: "What about small validators? They are the foundation of the network." Opponents of the proposal believe that SIMD-0228 may make Solana more like a "rich people's club," contradicting the original intent of blockchain for equal participation. Some have also questioned the timing and details of the proposal, believing that implementing it now carries too much risk and could bring unforeseeable impacts to the DeFi ecosystem.

Who Is Pushing, Who Is Resisting?

The core of the SIMD-0228 proposal is straightforward: to change the issuance rules of SOL token from a fixed schedule to a flexible, market-demand-based model. Specifically, it aims to adjust the supply based on the staking participation rate, reducing the annual inflation rate from the current 4.5% to 0.87% or even lower. Supporters believe that this could make SOL scarcer, stabilize the price, and ultimately increase the overall network's value. In simpler terms, it is transforming SOL from an "inflationary token model" into an asset more akin to "hard money."

Related Read: "Solana's Inflation Model Modification Proposal, Can It Further Boost SOL Price?"

So, the question arises, why is there such a large divide over a proposal that seems so beneficial to all? Former Solana Foundation member @bennybitcoins pointed out that the main conflict lies in the interests clash between large validators and small validators.

According to @wublockchain12's analysis, in the current SIMD-0228 vote, over 60% of validators with staked amount less than 500k SOL voted against the proposal; among validators with stakes between 500k~1M, over 51% voted in favor, but nearly 20% abstained; among validators with stakes over 1M, nearly 66% voted in favor. Since the voting threshold requires the affirmative votes to reach two-thirds of the total votes (affirmative + negative), even though large validators tend to support, the proposal still reaches the approval threshold in the end.

From the voting results, the side supporting the proposal often includes those holding a large amount of SOL and institutions who hope to increase the token value by reducing inflation to achieve greater returns. Some large staking pools and foundation members may see this as an opportunity to drive SOL's price up, attracting more external capital into the Solana ecosystem. In addition, large validators have an advantage in terms of "transaction fees + MEV" income, so the reduction in staking rewards may not have a significant impact on their income.

The opposing camp consists more of small validators and DeFi project developers. Small validators, in the "staking reward + transaction fees + MEV" income structure, may have a relatively high proportion of staking rewards, so the reduction in staking rewards will significantly affect their income, possibly making it difficult to cover node operation costs and ultimately being squeezed out of the network. The DeFi community is concerned that the inflation adjustment will affect liquidity and user participation, weakening the ecosystem's vitality.

However, Solana co-founder toly stated that SIMD-0228 did not pass, but SIMD-0123 did, and since both proposals aimed to reduce validator income, "opposing 228 is not just for the sake of each camp's interests."

Furthermore, the attitude of the Solana Foundation has also attracted significant attention. Foundation Chair Lily Liu previously publicly stated that the proposals were not mature enough and could impact SOL's asset growth. She tends to prefer maintaining a fixed yield to reduce market volatility. As of the time of writing, the Solana Foundation has not clearly expressed its stance on the voting results.

Despite differing opinions, this vote has showcased the vibrancy of the Solana community. With a participation rate as high as 74%, it demonstrates the cohesion of the Solana community, as almost no one is willing to sit on the sidelines, indicating everyone's seriousness about the network's future. As stated by @Mable_Jiang, "In the past few days, the active participation and intense debates among community members have been very touching and pleasantly surprising—this is exactly what healthy governance of an open public blockchain should look like. Community leaders like @calilyliu and @aeyakovenko have different views on the proposals, yet they can still express their opinions 100% true to themselves without too much concern for political factors. Believe it or not, this is far from a given; it requires slowly cultivating a culture within the community."

Perhaps, SIMD-0228's failed vote is not the end point, but rather a new starting point. Supporters may continue to advocate for similar reforms, while opponents will more firmly defend the principles of decentralization. Every community debate is shaping a clearer path for Solana's future, and this open dialogue and spirit of participation may indeed be Solana's most valuable asset.

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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