Is the Market Up or Down Since Trump Took Office? Decrypting the Post-2025 Crypto Market

By: blockbeats|2025/01/20 06:45:03
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First, let's review the trend in 2024.

Is the Market Up or Down Since Trump Took Office? Decrypting the Post-2025 Crypto Market

2024 can be said to be the year when cryptocurrency made an impact on the U.S. political scene. We must admit that BTC has not disappointed anyone's expectations for so many years, just as Mr. Xu Mingxing, the founder of OKX, said. For so many years, he has not seen any fund outperform BTC. In early 2024, with the approval of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the BTC ETF was launched. After a brief redemption sell-off, the price of BTC dropped from around $49,000 to near $38,000, kicking off a bull market fueled by funds flowing into the BTC ETF far beyond expectations, soaring to nearly $73,000. As U.S. investors' brief novelty for the BTC ETF waned and international turmoil unfolded, BTC fluctuated widely in the range of $50,000 to $70,000 for 6 months. The narrative during this period mainly revolved around the Fed rate cut, Trump's run for the U.S. presidency, and his participation in a Bitcoin conference.

As Trump's election approached, BTC surged again but stopped near the previous high of $73,700, failing to break through. It then underwent an oscillating adjustment under the circumstance of fund hedging, dropping to around $66,000. Following the juxtaposition of the red and blue parties in the U.S., confirming Trump's election as U.S. president, BTC surged again, breaking the previous high of around $73,700. Independent of the U.S. stock market, a strong bull market emerged, with gains of nearly 50%, reaching a high of nearly $108,000.

On January 7, as U.S. job data exceeded expectations, the market lowered its expectations for a Fed rate cut in 2025, causing BTC to resonate lower with U.S. stocks and gold from $102,000. Subsequently, as non-farm data continued to be bearish for rate cuts, there were even discussions in the market about the Fed raising rates again. BTC fell to a low of $89,000, "benignly" but "terrifyingly" retracing to a heavily liquid region, creating a strong V-shaped reversal. During this V-shaped reversal, there was also a double positive for CPI and PPI. The market once again increased its pricing for a Fed rate cut in 2025, with BTC rising by over 15,000 points. As of the time of writing, BTC did not hit a new high but paused around $106,000. Subsequently, with Trump issuing the official Meme coin on the Solana network, BTC experienced a "vampire" decline, while Solana surged by over 50%.

Next, let's observe the dynamics of some on-chain whales:

A well-known ETH swing trader with an 84% win rate, a swing whale, is heavily shorting BTC and ETH with high leverage. The average short price for BTC is $103,155.8, and for ETH is $3,442. The main wallet health is currently at 1.61;

During the LUNA/UST crash, a smart money shorted $BTC to earn $5.16 million at an average price of $103,872, bought 31.17 WBTC and cbWBTC worth $3.19 million, unsure if they will continue to add to the position;

Over the past six months, smart money has made $4.92 million through $PEPE swings, liquidated 5.882 trillion PEPE ($10.99 million), and made a profit of $1.053 million.

To generalize a bit, some whales have chosen to liquidate their positions to avoid risks; some whales have chosen to believe in Trump's next grand narrative, buying part of BTC; and some aggressive whales have chosen to heavily short with leverage, betting $10 million on Sell The News, believing that Trump's inauguration will have a strong impact on the cryptocurrency market, turning good news into bad news.

If we interpret this from a technical chart perspective, BTC has already broken through the downtrend line and received strong support in a former liquidity-heavy area, which can be seen as a bottom "golden pit," forming a V-shaped reversal. It has also broken the lower high and lower low downward structure, forming a higher high and higher low upward structure. From the angle of many people recognizing the 4-hour EMA200 as the "bull-bear dividing line," BTC's current price is still above the 4-hour EMA200, indicating that the bull market for BTC may not be over yet.

And as we look back at the moment when the BTC ETF narrative just passed, we can see that the structures of the two are actually very similar, breaking through the downtrend line and creating a "golden pit" with a V-shaped reversal. After breaking the downtrend line, the BTC ETF consecutively surpassed the previous high, entering the second half of the bull market. Will the Trump narrative also reach such a climax this time?

There can be two perspectives here:

The first perspective is that the BTC ETF, after approval, saw a small price increase in the first half of the bull market, with only a rise of less than 20%. In contrast, the Trump narrative has already led to an almost 50% surge from around $70,000 to near $100,000, which may have exhausted the bull market. In other words, the market has already fully priced in the Trump narrative. Some direct evidence includes: first, in the early hours of January 18, BTC was very close to its all-time high but experienced a pullback without reaching a new ATH; second, after Trump released an official meme coin, it had a vampiric effect on BTC, leading to a 20% surge in SOL/BTC and SOL/ETH exchange rates. In the cryptocurrency market, liquidity improvement comes at the cost of reducing liquidity elsewhere, and there is no independent increase in liquidity.

The second perspective is that the BTC ETF narrative and the narrative of Trump's election are not at the same level. The BTC ETF narrative only brings about an influx of stock market capital into the cryptocurrency market, whereas the narrative of Trump's election, establishing a BTC national strategic reserve, brings in funds from more national markets and increases the attention of stock market capital to the cryptocurrency market. Therefore, the capital inflow will be larger, and the narrative will be more grandiose.

Next, let's interpret this from a macro narrative perspective.

Currently, two narratives are significantly impacting BTC. The first one is the macro environment, represented by the Fed's interest rate cut decision and Japan's interest rate hike decision, which affects the operation of the global financial markets. The second one is the Trump narrative.

The Nikkei Index also has a profound influence on the cryptocurrency market because of the Yen Carry Trade, an FX trading strategy. Due to Japan's long-standing low-interest-rate policy, investors can borrow Yen, convert the borrowed Yen into other high-yield currencies (such as AUD, NZD, etc.), and then invest in these high-yield currencies, such as buying bonds of high-yielding currency countries or investing in the local stock market, to earn the interest rate differential. A Yen interest rate hike will have a significant impact on the Carry Trade, reducing global financial market liquidity. BTC's flash crash in mid-2024, dropping from around $70,000 to near $49,000, was precisely due to the effects of the Yen interest rate hike.

Image Source: @Crypto_Painter

The Bank of Japan (BOJ) will hold a monetary policy meeting on January 23-24, 2025. In terms of inflation, Japan has maintained its inflation level above the 2% policy target since April 2022. For example, based on June 2024 data, the year-on-year growth of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) excluding fresh food was 2.6%, higher than May's 2.5%; in November, Japan's core CPI rose by 2.7% year-on-year, up 0.4 percentage points from October, and the core CPI excluding energy also showed improvement, reaching 2.4%. Fitch Ratings has raised its forecast for Japan's CPI at the end of 2024 and expects the potential inflation rate in the first quarter of 2025 to remain around 2%, with the core inflation rate excluding fresh food reaching 2.2% in 2025, close to or above the Bank of Japan's set 2% target. The employment and wage sectors are showing a similar trend. In November 2024, Japan's unemployment rate remained at a low level of 2.5%, and the labor market continued to be tight, putting upward pressure on wages. In 2024, wage hikes in Japan exceeded 5%, significantly higher than the inflation level, driving up real wage growth for residents. Specifically, in November 2024, base wages grew by 2.7% year-on-year, the fastest pace since 1992, while nominal wages increased by 3%, surpassing economists' expectations. Reuters' latest survey results show that the expected wage growth rate in this year's labo(u)r negotiations in Japan is 4.75%, up from 4.70% in the December survey last year, so the market expects a high probability of a rate hike by the Bank of Japan in this meeting.

On the other hand, the Federal Reserve's rate cut decision has been somewhat wavering: the US's December core CPI rose by 3.2% year-on-year, with a month-on-month increase slowing from 0.3% last month to 0.2%, both below market expectations. In December, the core Producer Price Index (PPI) rose by 3.5% year-on-year, below the expectation of 3.8% and the previous value of 3.4%. Overall, the slowdown in inflation has somewhat alleviated concerns in the market about the Fed not cutting rates or cutting them very late. If future inflation data can continue to maintain this moderate downward trend and approach the Fed's 2% target, the Fed's concerns about inflation will gradually diminish, increasing the possibility of a rate cut. In December 2024, the unemployment rate in the US dropped to 4.1% month-on-month, with nonfarm payrolls adding 256,000 jobs, the highest since March last year, demonstrating the resilience of the labor market. Strong employment data has led to the widespread expectation that the Fed will not cut rates easily in the short term. Boston Fed President Susan Collins mentioned that due to strong employment data and persistent inflation, the rate cut magnitude would be lower than previously expected, and the Fed may only cut rates twice this year.

Finding the reasons behind the drop on January 7th is not difficult, as the current narrative in the cryptocurrency market is not only related to Trump. Of course, we cannot rule out the strong connection between Trump's absolute support for cryptocurrency and his actions after taking office, but we still need to be vigilant against the potential risk of a global financial market earthquake.

Now, let's look back at Trump's promises and actions after he was elected. Since Trump's confirmation of his election and up to now, there has not been a completely empty period in the Trump narrative. We've seen the introduction of the World Liberty strict selection module for presidents: ENA, LINK, ONDO, AAVE; the U.S. Cryptocurrency Reserve (Alternative Edition): XRP, SOL; although not actively removing SEC Chairman Gary Gensler, Gary Gensler's voluntary resignation had the same effect, and his resignation was uniformly interpreted by the industry as a shift from strict to lenient cryptocurrency regulation. Additionally, it was confirmed that Paul Atkins has been selected as the new SEC chairman, known as the most cryptocurrency-savvy SEC chairman, who has served as an advisor to Reserve Protocol in the past few years.

Related Reading: "Is it a continued advance or a sneaky development? Things you need to know about the cryptocurrency industry after the 2024 election."

Undoubtedly, Trump is the most pro-cryptocurrency president in American political history, and his contribution is groundbreaking. However, his promises and actions before taking office still do not allow BTC to operate independently of the broader macroeconomic environment. With his consolidation of power after taking office, can he make BTC independent of the U.S. stock market and gold, even "sucking" gold, making BTC a new strategic reserve? We still cannot conclude.

Next, let's look at the data perspective.

On-chain Data:


From the chart above, we can see that we have already passed the "dangerous period," and the low point of the blue line is continuously rising. This means that even if the price retraces from its current position, the lowest point has risen to around MVRV 2.16, corresponding to a BTC price of around $90,000. However, this is not guaranteed to occur. In the short term, once the CPI data is released, if BTC manages to surpass $100,000 in this rebound, the momentum will be greater than the rebound to $102,000 on January 6th. When the price is lower but the "NUPL (Net Unrealized Profit/Loss)" is higher, it indicates that after this period of repeated consolidation, the high-level chips have basically changed hands at a low level, thus lowering the average cost of active chips. Therefore, the market can create more net profits during the rebound. From this perspective, BTC has the conditions to continue to rise in the short term, and this possibility is high. When we divide short-term holders into three different groups: 1d-1w, 1w-1m, and 1m-3m, their average chip holding costs have started to converge.

Multiple Line Adhesion indicates that the cost of both ultra-short-term and slightly longer-term chips has become almost the same. In this way, the market enters a relatively balanced state, where in this balanced state, there is no chip with particularly high cost in short-term chips, nor is there anyone with particularly low cost, everyone is about the same. Therefore, when facing market fluctuations, overall sentiment will also become relatively stable.

From the perspective of stablecoins:

Removing other stablecoins that most people do not use, only considering USDT and USDC, USDT's supply has decreased by $4 billion from its peak in December, while USDC's supply has increased by $6 billion compared to three months ago. To some extent, this can indicate that the most influential investors in the crypto space, American investors, remain optimistic about the upcoming market.

Looking at the futures open interest, the position suddenly drops, and the funding rate quickly drops to a negative value. The recent long positions in the futures market have experienced a significant liquidation, with shorts chasing the price. Interestingly, a negative funding rate often signals a bottom. Undoubtedly, when Trump officially takes office, it will be a bloody battleground for longs and shorts.

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Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Infrastructure Bill'

Original Title: "Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Genius Act'"Original Author: 0xTodd, Partner at Nothing Research


If the US stablecoin bill, the "GENIUS Act," passes smoothly this time, its significance will be tremendous. I even think it's significant enough to enter the top five in Crypto history.



Although abbreviated as the GENIUS Act, which translates directly to the Genius Act, it is actually the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins, which translates to "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Dollar Stablecoins."


The proposal is lengthy, with several key points summarized for everyone:


· Mandatory 1:1 Full Asset Backing: Assets include cash, demand deposits, and short-term US Treasuries. At the same time, misappropriation and rehypothecation are strictly prohibited.


· High-Frequency Disclosure: Reserve reports must be published at least monthly, introducing external audits.


· Licensing Requirement: Once the circulating market cap of the issuer's stablecoin exceeds $100 billion, it must transition into the federal regulatory system within a specified timeframe, adopting banking-grade regulation.


· Introduction of Custody: The custodian of the stablecoin and its reserve assets must be a regulated qualified financial institution.


· Clear Definition as a Payment Medium: The bill explicitly defines stablecoin as a new type of payment medium, primarily regulated by the banking regulatory system, rather than restricted by the securities or commodities regulatory system.


· Embracing Existing Stablecoins: A maximum 18-month grace period after the bill's enactment, aimed at encouraging existing stablecoin issuers (such as USDT, USDC, etc.) to promptly obtain licenses or become compliant.


After finishing the main content, let's talk about the significance of this matter with an excited heart.


Over the years, when others asked, "After working in the Crypto industry for 16 years, what application have you created?"


In the future, you can confidently tell others—Stablecoins.


First, Clearing Concerns is a Prerequisite


Some people have held opposing views. In the past, people's impression of stablecoins was that they were an opaque black box. Every few months, there would be FUD — whether Tether's assets were frozen or Circle had a significant black hole deficit.


In fact, if you think about it, Tether easily rakes in billions of dollars a year just from the interest on those underlying government bonds. Circle, slightly less, also made a $1.7 billion profit last year.


They basically made money while standing there. From a motivational standpoint, they have no malicious intentions. In fact, they are the most eager for compliance.


Now, this opaque black box will become a transparent white box.


In the past, the only complaint was that Tether's funds might have been frozen by the United States. Now, they will be directly placed into U.S. compliant custodial institutions, with high-frequency disclosures, so you can rest assured.


【No need to worry about a rug pull】 is such a huge advantage—I think especially all Crypto people understand this.


Second, Mastering the Standard is Very Important


Stablecoins were once almost on the verge of being overtaken by CBDCs. In any country, if a central bank digital currency really exists, it is highly likely not built on a blockchain, at most it is built on some internal central bank consortium chain, which to be honest, is meaningless.


When CBDCs were at their peak, that was the most dangerous time for stablecoins.


If CBDCs had become a reality back then, stablecoins today would have been relentlessly suppressed into a dark corner, and blockchain would only be able to play a minimal role.


The remaining half-dead stablecoins would even have to learn the standards of central bank digital currencies, completely relinquishing their standard-setting power.


And now, stablecoins have won (or are about to).


Instead, everyone should learn the 【Blockchain + Token】 standard.


Nowadays, many blockchains actually have no meaningful applications on top, only stablecoin transfers. For example, with Aptos, the only scenario I use Aptos for is transfers between Binance and OKX.


And now, stablecoins will be legislated, what does that mean?


That's right, blockchain will become the only standard.


In the future, every stablecoin user will be the first to learn how to use a wallet.


As an aside, I actually think Ethereum's concerted push for EIP-7702 is quite forward-thinking. While other chains are all about memes, thank you Ethereum for sticking to account abstraction.



EIP-7702 is about Account Abstraction, which can support, for example:


· Social Account Registration Wallet

· Paying GAS with Native Coin

· And more


This paves the way for future new users to heavily use stablecoins, solving the last-mile problem.


Third, Deposit Enters a New Era


Furthermore, once stablecoins receive legislative support, deposits and withdrawals will become even easier.


Let's imagine a scenario: previously, hindered by the gray nature of stablecoins, but after the bill passes, many traditional brokerages can support stablecoins themselves. The money from a US stock investor can be converted into stablecoins in minutes and instantly deposited into Coinbase. Believe it or not.



Let's imagine another scenario: if the brilliant bill smoothly passes through the House of Representatives, next, you will see:


Due to the extremely lucrative nature of this trading, existing stablecoin leaders and newly entering traditional giants will crazily start promoting their stablecoin products.


And an outsider, due to these promotions, will start using stablecoins. And then one day, after finding out that the wallet account has been created, will explore Bitcoin inside. Is mining Bitcoin difficult?


Stablecoins are a huge Trojan horse. The moment you start using stablecoins, you unwittingly step half a foot into the Crypto world.


Fourth, Conclusion


As a large reservoir for digesting US debt, although stablecoins cannot directly absorb debt, they at least provide ammunition for the US debt secondary market. These functions are quite important, and slowly, stablecoins are becoming a part of the US debt market's body. Therefore, once the US legislation is passed and experiences the benefits, there is no turning back.


And, we are also confident that stablecoins are indeed one of the great innovations in our industry. People who have used stablecoins will find it hard to return to the traditional cash-banking system.


Once the bill is passed, users can't go back. In the future, concerns are about to be resolved, standards will be mastered, and the era of large deposits seems to be on the horizon.


Original Article Link

$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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