24-Hour Liquidation of $1 Billion, Is Bitcoin Going to Drop to $70,000?

By: blockbeats|2025/02/25 03:15:02
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After a series of hacking incidents and a drastic drop in market sentiment, this morning Bitcoin suddenly flash-crashed, briefly falling below $91,000. In the past 24 hours, there has been a total of $952 million in liquidations across the entire network, with $884 million in long liquidations and $68.5552 million in short liquidations. Furthermore, in the last 24 hours, a total of 316,443 people globally have been liquidated, with the largest single liquidation occurring on Bitmex - XBTUSD worth $10 million.

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According to Alternative data, today's cryptocurrency fear and greed index has dropped to 25 (from 49 yesterday), shifting market sentiment from neutral to extreme fear. In recent market action, Bitcoin has experienced multiple sharp short-term drops. Below are the market reasons for Bitcoin's decline as compiled by BlockBeats, provided for readers' reference.

IBIT Massive Liquidation

BitMEX co-founder Arthur Hayes tweeted this morning, suggesting that BTC's flash crash was related to IBIT, a hedge fund. Many $IBIT holders are hedge funds that are long ETFs and short CME futures to earn higher returns than short-term U.S. Treasury bonds.

If the basis narrows as $BTC drops, these funds will sell $IBIT and buy back CME futures. These funds are profitable, and given that the basis is close to the U.S. Treasury bond yield, they will liquidate during U.S. trading hours to realize profits, possibly causing Bitcoin to fall back to $70,000.

Previously, Arthur Hayes had published a blog post anticipating that because there was no fundamental change in U.S. politics due to Trump's reelection, the price of cryptocurrency might fall back to levels seen in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Therefore, Arthur Hayes still believes that Bitcoin will retest $70,000 to $75,000. Only if the Federal Reserve, the U.S. Treasury Department, Japan, or others engage in some form of money printing, or enact specific legislation allowing for permissionless cryptocurrency innovation, can the current market situation improve.

The Bitcoin strategic reserve policy is very poor. "The fundamental problem of governments hoarding any asset is that their buying and selling of assets is mainly for political gain, not financial gain." This policy may change with changes in the political landscape, thus altering Bitcoin's original trajectory.

Related Reading: "Arthur Hayes' New Article: Beyond Bitcoin National Reserves, the U.S. Cryptocurrency Hegemony Has Other Plans"

Delayed Realization of Bitcoin Strategic Reserve Expectations

Trump's plan for a Bitcoin strategic reserve has been slow to materialize, and market confidence continues to erode. In a recent tweet, Arthur Hayes mentioned that the fundamental problem with governments hoarding any asset is that their buying and selling of assets is mainly for political gain, not financial gain. Those building truly decentralized technologies and applications do not have enough financial resources to play politics at this critical juncture. Therefore, the desire for cryptocurrency regulation may come true. If it does, it will appear in an overly complex and prescriptive form, affordable only by large, wealthy centralized companies.

Indeed, on February 21, the probability on Polymarket of "Trump establishing a strategic Bitcoin reserve within 100 days of taking office" dropped to 10%, while on January 20, the day Trump was sworn in as president, the probability had risen to 48% at one point.

The expectations for a BTC strategic reserve have not been fully met. At the national level, Trump has not introduced a bill for a BTC strategic reserve, and he has even been absent from the cryptocurrency market for some time. At the state level, many proposals have been put forward but then rejected.

On February 24, the Montana House of Representatives voted against a proposed bill on February 22 that would have designated Bitcoin as a state reserve asset. The bill proposed to establish a special revenue account to invest in precious metals, stablecoins, and digital assets with a market cap exceeding $750 billion, of which only Bitcoin currently meets this criterion. The bill was opposed by several Republican lawmakers who believed it would lead the state investment board to engage in excessive speculation with taxpayer funds, posing a high risk. Supporters argued that if the bill was not passed, the state government would miss out on the opportunity to enhance returns. The bill is now essentially shelved, and if it is to be reintroduced in the future, it will need to be resubmitted for legislative review.

On February 25, according to Cointelegraph, at a legislative meeting on February 24, the South Dakota House of Representatives Business and Energy Committee decided to postpone consideration of the HB 1202 bill to the "41st day" of the current legislative session. However, the state legislature only has a maximum of 40 days, so this action is equivalent to rejecting the bill, meaning that the state will not include Bitcoin as an official investment option for the time being.

Related Reading:《Arthur Hayes New Article: Beyond Bitcoin Reserve Currency, America's Cryptographic Supremacy Has Another Agenda

Is the Bull Market Still Here?

On the other hand,

The poor performance of cryptocurrency stocks in the US stock market has also led to risk liquidity being restricted as liquidity has been diverted across various assets including gold, US treasuries, and US stocks, limiting liquidity injection into the Crypto market, where:

Coinbase (COIN) fell 2.7%; Tesla (TSLA) fell 2.66%; Trump Media & Technology Group (DJT) fell 5.59%; MicroStrategy (MSTR) fell 4.73%; MARA Holdings (MARA) fell 5.12%; Riot Platforms (RIOT) fell 4.67%; Hut 8 Corp. (HUT) fell 8.48%

A significant part of the reason may lie in the tariff issue. Although delayed, the Trump administration has stated that it will impose tariffs on Mexico and Canada on time, further strengthening the US dollar's position, thereby bolstering the US dollar index. This has led to the risk of a decrease in sales of the technology seven dragons with high weight in the Nasdaq Index due to tariff expectations, and the risk of liquidity fleeing bursting the AI bubble.

Traders in the market have also presented data from the previous cycle and the cycle before last, indicating that this cycle has not changed its inherent form due to Trump's election. Multiple traders believe that we are currently in the middle of a bull market correction phase, but overall, it is bearish in the short term.

cburniske:

In the 2021 market, Bitcoin ($BTC) fell 56%, Ethereum ($ETH) fell 61%, Solana ($SOL) fell 67%, and many other tokens fell by more than 70-80%. Although there are various reasons that can be used to explain why this cycle is different from the past, the mid-term of the bull market we are currently experiencing actually has historical precedents. Those who believe that the market has entered a full bear market are actually misled.

@RaoulGMI:

Everyone needs to remain patient, as the current market environment is very similar to the macro structure of 2017: Bitcoin has experienced five pullbacks, each with a magnitude of over 28%, and most pullbacks lasted 2 to 3 months before seeing new all-time highs. At the same time, other coins (Alts) experienced around a 65% correction. During this stage, the market is filled with various noises and uncertainties. Therefore, we should focus our energy on activities that are more constructive than simply staring at the screen, rather than being troubled by market fluctuations.

Technical analyst @CryptoPainter_X believes:

The current market's short-term trend has some support, but the overall situation is still within a range. After touching the 4-hour sub-demand zone, there may be short-term support, especially when the spot premium is oscillating near the 0 axis without breaking out of the range. Since small support zones within ranges are usually easily broken, attention is needed to see if the previous rhythm continues. If the small support is broken, it may indicate a continuation of the downward range in the oscillation.

Furthermore, the current price is close to the lower limit of the oscillation channel at 91400 (blue line), and the candlestick has not shown a long pin. The short-term rebound strength will determine the next trend. The blue line coincides with the core demand area, theoretically providing short-term support. However, as the channel is about to trend downwards and may turn, the long-term trend still leans towards bearishness, suggesting that the market may face further downward pressure.

Overall, although a short-term rebound may occur, if the midline is not broken or if the range is not breached, the market may still maintain a weakly oscillating trend.

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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