BTC Falls Below $90,000 Again: Is This the End of the Bull Market or a Temporary Bearish Turn? | Trader's Insight

By: blockbeats|2025/02/26 06:00:03
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BTC revisited the $90,000 level after 43 days, plunging once again. Market sentiment has reached an all-time low, and after six months, the fear and greed index has moved back into the fear zone and is very close to the extreme fear stage. The market lacks a true trend, and for altcoins, although each bounce of the AI Agent is strong, often seeing a doubling surge during BTC rebounds, the overall performance still shows a gradual decline, indicating poor performance. Many AI Agent tokens have experienced a "halving" or even a "knee-capping" situation after being listed on Binance.

BTC Falls Below $90,000 Again: Is This the End of the Bull Market or a Temporary Bearish Turn? | Trader's Insight

As for BTC, with no visible real benefits from the Trump administration, following the scandal of WLFI Fund colluding with project teams for market-making, and with no strong evidence to refute the claims, WLFI Fund has also not engaged in any purchases in the past two weeks. Eric Trump, after publicly advocating for buying ETH at a dip, secretly offloaded his holdings, resembling a pump-and-dump scheme. Regarding the BTC strategic reserve issue, state governments have rejected it one after another, and the federal government keeps delaying decisions.

For other altcoins, it's even more bearish. The former Web3 concept allowed coins like MOODENG and PEPE, riding on Web2 liquidity, to attract attention but now sees Web2 personalities issuing tokens in Web3, siphoning off Web3 liquidity. The Mila pump for Libra exposed wash trading between market makers and DEXs. The entire industry seems to have turned into a dark forest run by project teams and celebrities. On-chain transactions remain sluggish, with Pump.fun's fees plummeting nearly 90% from its peak. CEXs lack a clear trend, BTC oscillates downward, and the trends of ETH and SOL are on the brink of a "precipice," with declines exceeding all gains since October. The liquidation data is horrifying.

The total market capitalization of the cryptocurrency market continues to fluctuate downward, dropping by nearly $1 trillion from its peak, a 25% decline. Many voices on social media are suggesting that the bull market is over, and the entire industry has reached its end. Is the market really this pessimistic? Or is this just a case of market sentiment causing a panic-driven drop, leading to an oversold situation? Let's see what the traders have to say.

Technical Analysis

@YSI_crypto

The reference time frame is 4H. Currently, the key point I will be watching is whether a rebound will be resisted in the gray area on the chart. If this occurs, a "lower high" will be formed, and yesterday's breakout has already produced a "lower low," indicating that the downtrend has been confirmed, presenting a descending channel. Selling on rallies in conjunction with an overbought indicator is a trend-following approach.

@CryptosLaowai

The current market situation is similar to the liquidity crisis caused by Japan's interest rate hike in August last year, both experiencing a true breakdown below a significant horizontal support level after a false breakout of the supply line, also fitting the Elliott Wave Theory's fourth wave. Currently, two possible scenarios may unfold: the first being a bounce here to around 102k-103k, followed by a correction and a direct retest of the previous high to reach 120k; the second being a bounce here to 102k-103k followed by a decline to around 80k, completing an ascending wedge pattern since August and oscillating upward, with the target also being the upper boundary of the ascending wedge.

Regardless, this is a suitable position to buy spot.

@Guilin_Chen_

Since December 17, 2024, the decline from 108353 to the present is viewed as a correction to the rally from 58946 to 108353, rather than a bearish trend reversal. The correction has gone through three stages so far:

1. 108353→89257, 3 segments; 2. 89257→109588, 3 segments; 3. 109588→now, 5 segments. It is a relatively complex combination-type correction. Considering the depth and breadth of the current correction, the likelihood of nearing a bottom has increased. The first new resistance level is in the range of 90000-91000, the second around 94500, the third around 98000, and the fourth around 100500. Bulls will need to break through progressively, with a long and arduous journey ahead.

Macroeconomic Analysis

@zerohedge

BTC has finally caught up with global liquidity. This is good news and to some extent proves that this is a true bottom, and we are now on the rise.

@Phyrex_Ni

The market sentiment is indeed very poor, with many possibilities, but in reality, it is still investors' fear of Trump's tariffs, and behind the tariffs is the Federal Reserve's monetary policy.
So ultimately, liquidity is still influencing the market. In fact, the recent positive developments have been good, and the U.S.'s support for cryptocurrency is evident. If this situation were placed 24 years ago, it should have been no problem for BTC to reach a new high again. Unfortunately, in 25 years, investors' sentiment is more focused on monetary policy, with expectations for interest rate cuts and liquidity far exceeding policy expectations.
It has always been said that the difference lies in liquidity. Many investors today are cursing Trump, believing that Trump is not even as good as Biden. Although he verbally expresses support for cryptocurrency and AI, in reality, these two sectors have recently suffered significant losses, and his tariff policy has not only increased the actual shopping pressure on the public but has also raised higher barriers for interest rate cuts.
Of course, there are also dissenting voices among some friends. Looking at it from a long-term perspective, Trump's support for cryptocurrency and AI is likely to propel these two industries even further and better, although there may be some short-term setbacks. All of this is carried out under the consideration of "America First," especially with the increase in tariffs, which is actually to reduce other countries' tariffs on the U.S. and also increase fiscal revenue to mitigate the fiscal deficit, particularly with Musk's DOGE department beginning to speak out against U.S. government agencies, possibly laying off more personnel to reduce financial pressure.

Will things continue to deteriorate next? I think it still depends on monetary policy. Everything at the moment is based on expectations of monetary policy. Friday's core PCE data is an example. Although not adjusting rates in March is already a certainty, investors still want to know whether the Fed's most closely watched data is rising or falling. I still feel that Q1's inflation data is within expectations, but when Q2 fully reflects the tariffs in the data, that will be more challenging.

Looking back at BTC's data, panic was inevitable, with a total daily turnover of nearly 210,000 BTC. However, the main group experiencing panic were still short-term holding investors, especially those with a cost above $95,000, showing signs of intensified panic. On the other hand, investors with a cost below $95,000 were actively buying. Currently, there are no signs of panic among long-term investors.
On the support side, investors holding between $93,000 and $98,000 are showing no significant signs of selling off in large quantities. Despite the intensified panic, more investors have not engaged in selling. Particularly, investors around $97,000 have not shown a significant decrease. In the last 24 hours, the decrease in BTC between $93,000 and $98,000 is around 16,000 BTC, which is not very exaggerated.

@TJ_Research01

There are indications that Global Liquidity is stabilizing, with the Black Liquidity Index rebounding. The chart below shows global liquidity leading Bitcoin's price movement by 6 weeks, and the last peak of the U.S. Dollar Index was on January 13th, almost a month and a half ago. The weakening of the U.S. Dollar Index is favorable for asset prices. Furthermore, with the CNN Fear Greed Index currently at extreme fear, the market participation index approaching extreme fear, all these data support that now is the time to increase positions.

Data Analysis

@CryptoPainter_X

As for this wave of BTC market movement, the current target of the decline is precisely the previous long liquidation area that lasted for over 3 months. The level at 85,600 is a very precise liquidation point. I have been tracking the position of long-term futures liquidity since early February, and this particular accumulation of liquidity might not be visible on other liquidation maps. The other two yellow liquidation areas are recorded starting from November 15, '24, and January 13, '25. Currently, this could be a "spot explosion" targeting leveraged longs in the futures market.

Above is the weekly chart of BTC, below is the weekly chart of the Shitcoin Market Cap Ratio. The shitcoin market does not have the same strong supply dynamics as the BTC market; however, this does not mean that the Shitcoin U Index will not fall, as there may be a liquidity transfer starting.

@MaoShu_CN

The market is experiencing a general decline, with a surge in trading volume. Currently, the active funds in the U.S. region are still not as active as those in the Asian session.
Comparing market data from Monday, the overall market is declining, with BTC leading the market decline and ETH following suit. This trend is also reflected in the market share, with BTC losing a significant portion of its dominance.
In terms of trading volume, overall activity has surged, with BTC's trading volume increasing by 3 times, followed by ETH, and then by shitcoins. The market is still anchored by BTC trading, and the activity is being transmitted accordingly: BTC → ETH → Shitcoins.
Funds held in the market have decreased by 15 billion, currently standing at 232.8 billion.
USDT: Official data shows a market cap of 142.35 billion, a decrease of 62 million from Monday. The activity of funds in the Asian-European markets has increased, but the funds are still in a net outflow state.
USDC: Data sources indicate a decrease in market cap by 887 million, with activity increasing 2.2 times. In the current situation, a considerable amount of funds are flowing out of the U.S. region as well.

The current market sentiment is leaning towards pessimism, with a decline in market cap and outflow of funds. The only optimistic aspect is that shitcoins have not been oversold but have simply followed the bearish trend, which is currently the only optimistic sign, although it is also a result of the previous excessive decline in shitcoins.

@biupa

Currently, Coinbase's BTC negative premium has reached its highest level since January 20, which was during the chaotic period when Trump took office; meanwhile, Bitfinex has maintained a positive premium throughout this decline, reaching the height of the December 27-January 2 phase's bottom (the first time since January). The last time Coinbase had a negative premium was at the top, but this time it's at the bottom; Bitfinex had positive premiums at both bottoms. The December 27-January 2 bottom saw Coinbase with a negative premium and Bitfinex with a positive premium, and this bottom (which has most likely occurred) is quite close to the December 27 bottom.

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Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Infrastructure Bill'

Original Title: "Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Genius Act'"Original Author: 0xTodd, Partner at Nothing Research


If the US stablecoin bill, the "GENIUS Act," passes smoothly this time, its significance will be tremendous. I even think it's significant enough to enter the top five in Crypto history.



Although abbreviated as the GENIUS Act, which translates directly to the Genius Act, it is actually the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins, which translates to "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Dollar Stablecoins."


The proposal is lengthy, with several key points summarized for everyone:


· Mandatory 1:1 Full Asset Backing: Assets include cash, demand deposits, and short-term US Treasuries. At the same time, misappropriation and rehypothecation are strictly prohibited.


· High-Frequency Disclosure: Reserve reports must be published at least monthly, introducing external audits.


· Licensing Requirement: Once the circulating market cap of the issuer's stablecoin exceeds $100 billion, it must transition into the federal regulatory system within a specified timeframe, adopting banking-grade regulation.


· Introduction of Custody: The custodian of the stablecoin and its reserve assets must be a regulated qualified financial institution.


· Clear Definition as a Payment Medium: The bill explicitly defines stablecoin as a new type of payment medium, primarily regulated by the banking regulatory system, rather than restricted by the securities or commodities regulatory system.


· Embracing Existing Stablecoins: A maximum 18-month grace period after the bill's enactment, aimed at encouraging existing stablecoin issuers (such as USDT, USDC, etc.) to promptly obtain licenses or become compliant.


After finishing the main content, let's talk about the significance of this matter with an excited heart.


Over the years, when others asked, "After working in the Crypto industry for 16 years, what application have you created?"


In the future, you can confidently tell others—Stablecoins.


First, Clearing Concerns is a Prerequisite


Some people have held opposing views. In the past, people's impression of stablecoins was that they were an opaque black box. Every few months, there would be FUD — whether Tether's assets were frozen or Circle had a significant black hole deficit.


In fact, if you think about it, Tether easily rakes in billions of dollars a year just from the interest on those underlying government bonds. Circle, slightly less, also made a $1.7 billion profit last year.


They basically made money while standing there. From a motivational standpoint, they have no malicious intentions. In fact, they are the most eager for compliance.


Now, this opaque black box will become a transparent white box.


In the past, the only complaint was that Tether's funds might have been frozen by the United States. Now, they will be directly placed into U.S. compliant custodial institutions, with high-frequency disclosures, so you can rest assured.


【No need to worry about a rug pull】 is such a huge advantage—I think especially all Crypto people understand this.


Second, Mastering the Standard is Very Important


Stablecoins were once almost on the verge of being overtaken by CBDCs. In any country, if a central bank digital currency really exists, it is highly likely not built on a blockchain, at most it is built on some internal central bank consortium chain, which to be honest, is meaningless.


When CBDCs were at their peak, that was the most dangerous time for stablecoins.


If CBDCs had become a reality back then, stablecoins today would have been relentlessly suppressed into a dark corner, and blockchain would only be able to play a minimal role.


The remaining half-dead stablecoins would even have to learn the standards of central bank digital currencies, completely relinquishing their standard-setting power.


And now, stablecoins have won (or are about to).


Instead, everyone should learn the 【Blockchain + Token】 standard.


Nowadays, many blockchains actually have no meaningful applications on top, only stablecoin transfers. For example, with Aptos, the only scenario I use Aptos for is transfers between Binance and OKX.


And now, stablecoins will be legislated, what does that mean?


That's right, blockchain will become the only standard.


In the future, every stablecoin user will be the first to learn how to use a wallet.


As an aside, I actually think Ethereum's concerted push for EIP-7702 is quite forward-thinking. While other chains are all about memes, thank you Ethereum for sticking to account abstraction.



EIP-7702 is about Account Abstraction, which can support, for example:


· Social Account Registration Wallet

· Paying GAS with Native Coin

· And more


This paves the way for future new users to heavily use stablecoins, solving the last-mile problem.


Third, Deposit Enters a New Era


Furthermore, once stablecoins receive legislative support, deposits and withdrawals will become even easier.


Let's imagine a scenario: previously, hindered by the gray nature of stablecoins, but after the bill passes, many traditional brokerages can support stablecoins themselves. The money from a US stock investor can be converted into stablecoins in minutes and instantly deposited into Coinbase. Believe it or not.



Let's imagine another scenario: if the brilliant bill smoothly passes through the House of Representatives, next, you will see:


Due to the extremely lucrative nature of this trading, existing stablecoin leaders and newly entering traditional giants will crazily start promoting their stablecoin products.


And an outsider, due to these promotions, will start using stablecoins. And then one day, after finding out that the wallet account has been created, will explore Bitcoin inside. Is mining Bitcoin difficult?


Stablecoins are a huge Trojan horse. The moment you start using stablecoins, you unwittingly step half a foot into the Crypto world.


Fourth, Conclusion


As a large reservoir for digesting US debt, although stablecoins cannot directly absorb debt, they at least provide ammunition for the US debt secondary market. These functions are quite important, and slowly, stablecoins are becoming a part of the US debt market's body. Therefore, once the US legislation is passed and experiences the benefits, there is no turning back.


And, we are also confident that stablecoins are indeed one of the great innovations in our industry. People who have used stablecoins will find it hard to return to the traditional cash-banking system.


Once the bill is passed, users can't go back. In the future, concerns are about to be resolved, standards will be mastered, and the era of large deposits seems to be on the horizon.


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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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