Crypto Market Faces "Black Monday": Comprehensive Summary of Market Insights, Data, and Strategies

By: blockbeats|2025/03/11 06:45:03
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三月加密市场历经三连跌,特朗普雷声大雨点小的加密峰会加剧了失望情绪,周末有关美国经济面临「转型期」的表态更是削弱了投资者对市场暴跌背景下政策转向的信心,经济担忧加剧。

今天的美股「黑色星期一」带崩加密市场,比特币最低触及 76,600 美元,创近 4 个月以来的新低,基本回到去年特朗普胜选时的水平。ETH、SOL 等在内的主流山寨币同样遭到血洗,以太坊跌破 1800 美元,创下自 2023 年 10 月以来最低。据 Alternative 数据,加密货币恐慌与贪婪指数为 24(昨日为 20),市场情绪仍处于「极度恐慌」状态。

观点汇总

一片哀嚎声中,市场最关心的莫过于什么时候能筑底?BitMEX 联合创始人Arthur Hayes发文表示,现阶段市场需要耐心,认为比特币可能会在 70,000 美元附近筑底,从 110,000 美元的历史高点回调 36%。他预测市场需要美股自由落体式暴跌,导致传统金融大玩家破产,等美联储及各国央行开始放水救市的时候,就是 all in 的好时机。对于风险厌恶型选手,可以等到放水后再加仓,以避免在漫长的盘整期和潜在的浮亏中煎熬。

市场的悲观情绪并未因此缓解。股市的悲观情绪叠加美国经济衰退的担忧,有社区成员认为在这样的环境中,比特币的最大潜在跌幅约为 50,000 美元。对此,CZ 表示:「宏观经济指标对比特币价格的影响仅适用于短期。」言外之意,大概还是要坚持长期主义,坚持 HODL。

Crypto Market Faces

那市场到底什么时候能好起来?ARK Invest 创始人Cathie Wood 对当前市场有着不同的解读。她表示当前市场正在消化滚动式衰退的最后阶段,这将给予特朗普政府和美联储比投资者预期更多的政策调整空间,从而可能在今年下半年推动美国经济进入「通缩式繁荣」。Cathie Wood 认为,美联储的货币政策将更加灵活,市场或低估了这一潜在的经济反弹动力。

比特币「数字黄金」的避险属性还在吗?未来市场或许将迎来好转,但当前市场不确定性依然存在。YouHodler 市场主管 Ruslan Lienkha 指出,去年比特币的盘整阶段曾持续数月(甚至长达半年),然后才迎来下一波上涨。「当前的盘整期可能会演变为中期熊市。」「尽管比特币未来有可能演变为避险资产,但目前投资者仍将其视为高风险资产,往往比传统金融市场对市场情绪变化反应更为剧烈。」

数据一览

数据显示本次跌幅相当惨烈。美股加密货币股票全线跌幅持续扩大,全线跌超 10%,Coinbase(COIN) 跌 12.04%;Strategy(MSTR) 跌 13.56%,较峰值缩水近一半,彭博社称原因是投资者对经济逆风感到担忧,并撤回此前因唐纳德·特朗普当选而受益的加密货币相关押注。Strategy 的股价周一下跌 17%,至 239.27 美元。自去年 11 月创下 473.83 美元的历史最高收盘价以来,该股已累计下跌 49.5%。

The Kobeissi Letter 披露,自 2024 年 12 月 16 日创下历史新高以来,加密货币市场已蒸发 1.3 万亿美元市值,跌幅达 33%,相当于连续 84 天每日平均损失 155 亿美元。The Kobeissi Letter 指出,这标志着加密货币历史上最大的三个月市值回调,目前加密市场总值已降至 2024 年 11 月 6 日以来的最低水平。

总历史情况来看,这次的清算强度堪比 LUNA 崩盘。据 Bravos Research 分析,当前加密货币市场正经历自 2022 年 5 月 LUNA 崩盘以来最大规模的山寨币清算。市场已发生约 100 亿美元的清算,规模远超 FTX 崩溃后的情况。数据显示,比特币主导地位持续上升,表明短期内并无明显的山寨币季节信号。分析认为,零售投资者热情尚未完全恢复,真正的山寨币季节可能仍在前方。

衍生品数据方面,Coinglass 数据显示,过去 24 小时全网爆仓 9.55 亿美元,其中绝大部分为多单爆仓,数额达 7.44 亿美元。从币种来看,其中 BTC 爆仓 3.18 亿美元,ETH 爆仓 2.52 亿美元。

巨鲸在做什么操作?

过去 24 小时内,加密货币市场出现了多起巨鲸杠杆多头仓位被清算或濒临清算的事件。据 BlockBeats 报道,某鲸鱼的6370 枚 rETH1500 枚 weETH杠杆多头仓位已被清算。此外,Maker 上另一笔60,810 枚 ETH的借贷巨鲸仓位也面临清算风险,而另一笔65,675 枚 ETH的借贷仓位健康度已降至 1.02,濒临清算。

为了避免清算,一些巨鲸选择抛售或减仓。某鲸鱼为避免清算,割肉25,800 枚 ETH,亏损超过 3200 万美元。同时,也有巨鲸通过补充 2000 枚 ETH减仓 2882 ETH后还款,以提升仓位健康系数或降低清算价格。此外,某巨鲸向 Maker 存入30,098 枚 ETH以降低清算价格。

另一方面,部分巨鲸选择止盈。例如,某鲸鱼向 Binance 转入3000 枚 ETH,而另一以太坊 ICO 远古巨鲸结束休眠,将7000 枚 ETH转入 Kraken。近 24 小时内,共有 4 位鲸鱼向 CEX 存入了47,756 枚 ETH

尽管市场波动剧烈,部分巨鲸仍在寻找抄底机会。某鲸鱼在 10 小时前以 2014 美元的均价买入了15,292 枚 ETH,另一巨鲸则花费3079 万枚 DAI以相同均价买入 ETH。

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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