Crypto Market from the East and West VC's First-Person Perspective: A Narration for the Sake of Narration, Utterly Boring

By: blockbeats|2025/03/15 12:15:02
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Original Article Title: "Market from the First-tier Perspectives of the East and the West and Some Reflections"
Original Article Author: Lao Bai, Partner at ABCDE Research

Speaking of which, it seems like this is the longest hiatus of Twi updates. The reason is simple. As a blogger who never accepts advertisements, every time I write something, it essentially requires the drive to express oneself. However, the market in recent months has made it hard to evoke such a feeling. While the sluggish performance of the secondary market certainly plays a significant role, the feeling the primary market gives may be the main reason for this lack of expression.

Nevertheless, I have observed some phenomena recently and have some reflections, which may be somewhat lengthy. Therefore, I plan to break it down into three or four articles to publish separately, with the main topics being "Market from the VC First-tier Perspectives of the East and the West," "New Signs of RWA," and "Some Noteworthy Aspects on ETH and Solana."

Let's start with the first topic today

Over the past few weeks, I have had conversations with several Asian peers and found that everyone seems to have entered a "pause" or rather a "conservative" investment mode inadvertently.

Our most recent move was in January, and several peers have been similar, with cases of not making a move for two to three months or even longer being quite common.

As for the market's feeling, the two words "bored" may be the most apt description or a temporary "consensus."

This feeling of boredom is not entirely tied to the secondary market. I vividly remember that after the Luna crash, although the secondary market was sluggish, in the primary market, conversations about well-scalable projects, ZK, or innovative Defi, Gamfi, and AI projects still excited everyone. However, this sense of excitement has gradually diminished since entering 2025.

While the secondary market loses interest in any narrative after just a few days, it naturally has an emotional transmission effect on the primary market. But a more concerning worry is - have we entered a stage where the low-hanging fruits have been mostly picked, thus embarking on a long period of adjustment, exploration, transformation, a void period accompanied by corresponding intense pains? I will elaborate on this topic further at the end because the current status of Western VCs presents some differences from those in the East.

The trigger was a Defi project we invested in during the pre-seed round last year, which is currently raising its seed round. Initially, I thought that under the current circumstances of both primary and secondary markets, being able to complete the fundraising would be quite satisfactory. However, I was surprised to find out that it was significantly oversubscribed, raising several million dollars more, with several European and American VCs competing to invest. This result astonished me. While the project is indeed good, it is not of an exceptional quality to justify such high demand.

Why are we in Asia "keeping silent" while the West is constantly "firing shots," daring to Pull the Trigger at this valuation?

We discussed internally and made some irresponsible guesses, such as

1. The timing of the establishment of Western VCs is somewhat different from that in Asia, so the exit cycles are different, leading to different investment decisions.

2. Asian VCs somewhat exhibit the characteristics of being "town mayors," focusing on either trying to outperform their peers in returns or at least outperforming BTC (although in the current market situation, I believe only a few can achieve this - - ). On the other hand, Western counterparts have a stronger idealistic and long-term perspective, or in other words, as long as they can logically explain to their LP why they invested in this project at this valuation, their dedication to returns becomes secondary.

3. Purely a Deploy Fund requirement, finishing this round quickly to quickly fundraise for the next round, with a focus on collecting management fees.

The specific reasons are unclear, so for now, all we can do is guess. Therefore, in the coming weeks, I've scheduled meetings with a group of Western VC Partners and Researchers. In addition to exchanging views on the market, I also want to directly ask them about the above question. After collecting information, I will update on Twitter.

Now, let's talk about the low-hanging fruit and take this opportunity to discuss with everyone where the future of Crypto is headed.

Firstly, whether it's me personally or ABCDE, our belief in the long-term bullishness of Crypto has never wavered. This can even be considered a form of "faith," otherwise, we would not be fully engaged in this profession.

However, in the medium term, we are indeed at a crossroads. I'm not sure if it's a similar crossroads to what we saw before the DeFi Summer of 2019, so let's discuss it with everyone.

The reason for this discussion was also due to a recent period of listening to the AlliaceDAO Podcast. Three points mentioned in it resonated with me

1. Qiao mentioned that he currently feels similar to 2019, not knowing what will happen next in Crypto until the emergence of DeFi Summer in 2020, which enlightened him and provided direction.

2. They believe that over the years, Crypto has only found one Product-Market Fit (PMF), which is finance, to be more specific, trading (Dex, Cex, Perp), lending, stablecoins, and Mint (asset issuance, e.g., Pumpfun).

3 is the advice they gave to many AI x Crypto Startups. If the project's Crypto element was too forced, it was better to remove Crypto altogether and focus on pure AI. As a result, 30% of the projects indeed removed Crypto and transformed into pure Web2 projects.

Regarding 1 - In 2019, although I was already in the circle, I was simply trading coins. Honestly, I'm not sure if VCs at that time had the same "bored" feeling as they do now. However, my impression is that at least IEOs were thriving, EOS was exploring its direction, Starkware introduced the ZK concept, and many projects from the 2020 DeFi Summer were likely founded and invested in during 2018-2019. Therefore, theoretically, the primary market experience should have been better back then. In other words, the belief in "the big one is coming" should have been higher than it is now.

Regarding 2 - This point echoes point 1 and is my biggest concern in the medium term, namely - have we reached a point where the low-hanging fruit has been mostly picked, unlike in 2019, at a crossroads?

If Crypto's biggest PMF in Utility is finance, then with the DeFi Summer and subsequent years of continuous iterative micro-innovations, we have essentially reached a boundary today.

Conversely, the opposite of Utility, which Crypto is also good at - narrative direction, is undoubtedly best represented by memes. Pump.FUN pushed this direction to its limit in 2024.

In the past few years, when both Utility and narrative were uncertain about what to do, our community could at least focus on Infrastructure. From ETH to EOS to Solana, and later Aptos, Sui... I'm thinking, with Solana having Firedancer this year and Monad and MegaETH likely to launch their mainnets, have we also reached a boundary in blockchain infrastructure scalability?

Regarding 3 - At a crossroads where all three paths have reached their limits, is the only option left the final path, namely "Blockchain Modularization"? This is related to the third point mentioned above, and I also heard a similar insight on YC's Podcast.

When it comes to modularization, it's not the type of modularization like Celestia, but rather abstracting blockchain technology as a whole into a module and integrating it as a functional component into a Startup, similar to AI.

Most of the crypto projects we see now are either born entirely based on crypto, or created for the sake of crypto, rather than to solve a real-world problem. The euphemistic term for this is Crypto Native, and the pejorative description is simply staying within the circle, self-indulging within the bubble.

The Web2 AI Venture Capital circle probably has a similar issue, where many projects seem to be "for the sake of AI itself," rather than aiming to solve a specific real-world problem.

Will there be a kind of convergence, or rather a meeting, between Web2 and Web3 in the future primary market? A project must exist to solve a real-world problem. In the process of solving the problem, it should incorporate crypto elements when needed, integrate AI elements when necessary, but the original intention and purpose have nothing to do with Crypto or AI. Just like how Meituan Takeaway utilizes 5G, platform software, big data, AI task allocation... but fundamentally, it is a project born to solve the problem of dining

If the next major stage of Crypto takes this form, will everyone feel bored? Can the current form of the Crypto-native industry chain composed of Crypto VCs, trading platforms, studios, and so on still continue?

With more and more primary market projects related to Payment and RWA, to some extent, they also align with this train of thought. Recently, I have been exploring Ondo's Global Market and discussing a few RWA projects. The next post will specifically discuss the new direction of the RWA track.

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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