Hyperliquid 'Unplug' Forced Settlement: TVL Significantly Drops, Significant USDC Outflow Trend

By: blockbeats|2025/03/27 05:15:02
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Original Title: "To Offset Over $200 Million in Losses, Hyperliquid's "Unplug the Ethernet Cable" Forced Settlement Sparks Controversy"
Author: Asher, Odaily Planet Daily

Don't pretend to be decentralized, and don't pretend that traders really care about this.

After experiencing the "Hyperliquid 50x Leverage Whale" long liquidation event (related content can be found: Why did the Hyperliquid Whale Self-Destruct? Who is Bearing the Loss of Millions of Dollars?), Hyperliquid encountered a similar crisis again last night. This time, the attacker's target was more precise, choosing the meme coin JELLY, with a smaller market cap and more susceptible to manipulation, as a breakthrough point.

In a short period of time, the price of JELLY experienced a violent fluctuation, with a 15-minute candlestick chart showing an increase of over 100% and a decrease of over 50%, plunging the market into extreme conditions, causing short-term traders to exclaim, "Nerve-wracking, retail investors liquidated within minutes." How did this hunting operation unfold? Odaily Planet Daily will deeply analyze the event for everyone.

Hyperliquid 'Unplug' Forced Settlement: TVL Significantly Drops, Significant USDC Outflow Trend

JELLY 15-Minute Candlestick Chart

Event Recap: Hyperliquid Treasury Takes Over JELLY Short Position, From Near Liquidation to "Forcefully" Lossless Liquidation

A Trader Opens a Massive JELLY Short Position

At 8:53 PM yesterday, a trader (opening address link: https://hypurrscan.io/address/0xde9593fe5cdc5cb0917f5d5618a111f1174f5c91) transferred 3.5 million USDC to Hyperliquid as collateral and opened a 430 million JELLY short position (worth approximately $4.08 million) on the platform at a price of $0.0095.

Hyperliquid Treasury Receives Massive Short Position due to Trader's Auto-Liquidation

A wallet manipulating the JELLY price (price manipulation address link: https://intel.arkm.com/explorer/address/Hc8gNSMaQiahiRiGjUfTaW8AXudRJHeGoeGpAn8WRcwq) coordinated with the trader to dump the spot market after the short position opened, suppressing the price, creating a profit margin for the short position. At 9:03 PM yesterday, the trader closed 30 million JELLY of the short position at a price of $0.0103 (worth approximately $310,000), subsequently withdrew $2.76 million in collateral, causing the 398 million JELLY short position (worth approximately $4.5 million) to be liquidated forcefully by Hyperliquid's liquidation address at a price of $0.0113.

JELLY Price Surges Rapidly, Hyperliquid Treasury Once Faces Multi-Million-Dollar Unrealized Loss

At 9:45 PM yesterday, intense buying pressure from the price manipulation address further amplified the treasury's unrealized loss, with the Hyperliquid treasury once facing a more than $10 million unrealized loss. According to on-chain analyst @ai_9684xtpa's monitoring, if the market were to push the price to around $0.17, the treasury would face liquidation and lose the current $240 million it holds. Based on the treasury's deposit and withdrawal records at the time, some of the treasury funds were seen escaping, but the amounts were insignificant, likely from retail holders.

Hyperliquid Treasury Under Attack

Hyperliquid Delists JELLY as OKX and Binance Successively List JELLY Perpetual Contract Trading

According to KOL Wang Xiaoer (@brc20niubi)'s description on Platform X (CZ also commented on the content), a few minutes before OKX and Binance announced the listing of JELLY perpetual contract trading, Hyperliquid had already prepared to surrender and completely delisted JELLY trading. The following image shows Wang Xiaoer's retrospective on Hyperliquid's actions in this incident and CZ's comments.

KOL Wang Xiaoer's Retrospective on Hyperliquid Incident Actions

Final Move of "Pulling the Plug": Settling JELLY at $0.0095 Price Resulted in Not Only No Loss but Also Profit

"I heard you wanted to liquidate me, so I settled my position directly." After Hyperliquid delisted JELLY, it settled at a price of $0.0095 (the opening price of the JELLY short trader) for a total of 3.92 billion JELLY tokens. In the end, far from experiencing any losses, it actually made a profit of $703,000.

Not Only No Loss but Also $700,000 in Profit

Official Response: Validator Consensus to Delist JELLY, User Losses to Be Covered by Hyper Foundation

In response to the "Hyperliquid's delisting of JELLY and settlement at a favorable price of $0.0095," such a "centralized" action, the official team has promptly issued a positive response to the event. The specifics are as follows:

Due to abnormal market activity, validators reached a consensus to delist the JELLY perpetual contract. Following collective discussions among the validators, it was decided to remove the JELLY trading pair to maintain market fairness. Apart from the flagged addresses, all user funds lost will be compensated by the Hyper Foundation. The compensation will be automatically executed based on on-chain data, and users will not need to submit any support tickets. The specific calculation method will be detailed in a subsequent announcement;

The validator consensus mechanism contributes to maintaining network stability. Similar to other blockchains, validators sometimes need to make coordinated decisions to address emergent situations and safeguard network integrity. Currently, the transparency of the system and the robustness of the voting mechanism will be the focus of improvements to enhance governance effectiveness;

The current 24-hour profit of HLP is approximately 700,000 USDC, with ongoing technical enhancements. Through this event, the team will optimize the system, strengthen risk resilience, and make the network more robust after learning from the experience. Further details will be announced later.

Official Response to the Settlement of JELLY at a Favorable Price

Although the official team emphasized that the removal of the JELLY trading pair was the result of validator consensus, as a decentralized exchange, Hyperliquid's "pulling the plug" such a "centralized" action inevitably raised more questions. Odaily Star Daily has compiled industry experts' views on this event.

Industry Discussion on the Hyperliquid JELLY Liquidation Event: Centralized Control, Trust Crisis, and Systemic Risk

Arthur Hayes: Stop Pretending to Be Decentralized; HYPE Will Return to Square One

BitMEX co-founder Arthur Hayes posted on Platform X sharply commenting on the "Hyperliquid JELLY liquidation event," stating, "HYPE cannot bear the impact of the JELLY event. Let's stop pretending that Hyperliquid is decentralized; then pretend that traders really care; I bet HYPE will soon return to square one because gamblers are ultimately gamblers."

ZachXBT: Hyperliquid Official Unfazed by North Korean Hackers Using Stolen Funds to Short the Market, but Manipulating Price

On-chain detective ZachXBT criticized Hyperliquid in a post on Platform X, stating: "What is infuriating is that the Hyperliquid team can casually draw lines to manipulate the price, but when North Korean hackers use Radiant to steal funds and hold a significant short position on the platform, they remain unfazed."

Bitget CEO: Hyperliquid on the Path to FTX 2.0

Bitget CEO Gracy Chen posted on Platform X, stating that Hyperliquid's handling of the JELLY incident was both immature and unethical, lacking professionalism, resulting in user losses and severe damage to its reputation. Although the platform claims to be an innovative decentralized exchange with a bold vision, its actual operation is more like an offshore centralized exchange without KYC/AML mechanisms, enabling illegal fund flows and misconduct. The decision to close the JELLY market and forcibly settle positions at favorable prices sets a dangerous precedent. For any exchange (whether CEX or DEX), trust is more important than funds, and once lost, it is almost irrecoverable.

Furthermore, the platform's product design has serious flaws: the mixed liquidity pool exposes users to systemic risks, and unrestricted position sizes provide opportunities for market manipulation. If these issues are not addressed, more meme coins may be used to attack Hyperliquid, putting it at risk of becoming the next significant collapse in the crypto industry.

Andre Cronje: Position Size is Not a Fixed Function of Leverage, DeFi Should Not Have Fixed Value Leverage

In response to the Hyperliquid treasury facing liquidation and losses, Sonic Labs co-founder Andre Cronje posted on Platform X, stating: Position size is not a fixed function of leverage but depends on available liquidity and realized volatility; a small position can be leveraged 1000 times, while a large position may only have 1.2 times leverage. In DeFi, there should be no fixed value.

CZ Quotes Old Post Saying DEX Inferior to CEX, and Emphasizes Unrelated to Hyperliquid Liquidation Event

Additionally, CZ quoted a previous tweet on Platform X, saying: "I know I'm not that smart. When I don't understand, I admit it, and I often feel that those talented people must have mastered something I don't know to do what I can't. But occasionally, I find: the most basic rules still apply." It is worth noting that CZ specifically explained that to avoid confusion, the tweet is unrelated to today's Hyperliquid liquidation event; it was his past experience trying AstherusHub on the BSC chain, a project in the Labs investment portfolio. They do not display liquidation prices and use automatic deleveraging (ADL), so similar issues will not occur today.

Impact on Hyperliquid: Significant TVL Drop, Noticeable USDC Outflow

Several hours have passed since the event, and the surface turmoil seems to have subsided. However, its impact on Hyperliquid remains profound and "weighty." According to data from the Hyperliquid official website, HLP's TVL was as high as $240 million before the event, but has now dropped significantly to $195 million, with nearly 20% of funds lost in a short period. This sharp fluctuation reflects a wavering trust in the platform by the market, indicating that investor confidence has yet to be restored.

HLP TVL on Hyperliquid

Furthermore, according to DefiLlama data, following the Hyperliquid liquidation event, a substantial outflow of USDC funds from the platform has occurred, with a net outflow totaling $175 million. The total USDC holdings plummeted from $2.217 billion before the event to $2.004 billion.

Net USDC Outflow Data on Hyperliquid

Conclusion

The recent hunting incident involving Hyperliquid has brought the governance and transparency issues of decentralized perpetual contract exchanges into the spotlight. While the reason officially given was that validators voted to delist the trading pair, the final direct "pulling of the plug" for a forced settlement has led many to question how decentralized DeFi exchanges truly are.

This event also serves as a reminder to all DeFi projects that merely relying on the "decentralized" label is far from sufficient. When facing extreme market conditions, the key question is whether a platform can maintain stability while upholding fairness and transparency. In the future, for on-chain decentralized DeFi projects to earn market trust, they must strike a better balance between transparency, governance mechanisms, and risk management. Otherwise, similar crises may not be the last.

Original Article Link

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a16z Leads $18M Seed Round for Catena Labs, Crypto Industry Bets on Stablecoin AI Payment

Traditional finance is still stuck in a "human-to-human" model, while Catena aims to achieve "AI-to-AI" interaction.

Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Infrastructure Bill'

Original Title: "Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Genius Act'"Original Author: 0xTodd, Partner at Nothing Research


If the US stablecoin bill, the "GENIUS Act," passes smoothly this time, its significance will be tremendous. I even think it's significant enough to enter the top five in Crypto history.



Although abbreviated as the GENIUS Act, which translates directly to the Genius Act, it is actually the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins, which translates to "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Dollar Stablecoins."


The proposal is lengthy, with several key points summarized for everyone:


· Mandatory 1:1 Full Asset Backing: Assets include cash, demand deposits, and short-term US Treasuries. At the same time, misappropriation and rehypothecation are strictly prohibited.


· High-Frequency Disclosure: Reserve reports must be published at least monthly, introducing external audits.


· Licensing Requirement: Once the circulating market cap of the issuer's stablecoin exceeds $100 billion, it must transition into the federal regulatory system within a specified timeframe, adopting banking-grade regulation.


· Introduction of Custody: The custodian of the stablecoin and its reserve assets must be a regulated qualified financial institution.


· Clear Definition as a Payment Medium: The bill explicitly defines stablecoin as a new type of payment medium, primarily regulated by the banking regulatory system, rather than restricted by the securities or commodities regulatory system.


· Embracing Existing Stablecoins: A maximum 18-month grace period after the bill's enactment, aimed at encouraging existing stablecoin issuers (such as USDT, USDC, etc.) to promptly obtain licenses or become compliant.


After finishing the main content, let's talk about the significance of this matter with an excited heart.


Over the years, when others asked, "After working in the Crypto industry for 16 years, what application have you created?"


In the future, you can confidently tell others—Stablecoins.


First, Clearing Concerns is a Prerequisite


Some people have held opposing views. In the past, people's impression of stablecoins was that they were an opaque black box. Every few months, there would be FUD — whether Tether's assets were frozen or Circle had a significant black hole deficit.


In fact, if you think about it, Tether easily rakes in billions of dollars a year just from the interest on those underlying government bonds. Circle, slightly less, also made a $1.7 billion profit last year.


They basically made money while standing there. From a motivational standpoint, they have no malicious intentions. In fact, they are the most eager for compliance.


Now, this opaque black box will become a transparent white box.


In the past, the only complaint was that Tether's funds might have been frozen by the United States. Now, they will be directly placed into U.S. compliant custodial institutions, with high-frequency disclosures, so you can rest assured.


【No need to worry about a rug pull】 is such a huge advantage—I think especially all Crypto people understand this.


Second, Mastering the Standard is Very Important


Stablecoins were once almost on the verge of being overtaken by CBDCs. In any country, if a central bank digital currency really exists, it is highly likely not built on a blockchain, at most it is built on some internal central bank consortium chain, which to be honest, is meaningless.


When CBDCs were at their peak, that was the most dangerous time for stablecoins.


If CBDCs had become a reality back then, stablecoins today would have been relentlessly suppressed into a dark corner, and blockchain would only be able to play a minimal role.


The remaining half-dead stablecoins would even have to learn the standards of central bank digital currencies, completely relinquishing their standard-setting power.


And now, stablecoins have won (or are about to).


Instead, everyone should learn the 【Blockchain + Token】 standard.


Nowadays, many blockchains actually have no meaningful applications on top, only stablecoin transfers. For example, with Aptos, the only scenario I use Aptos for is transfers between Binance and OKX.


And now, stablecoins will be legislated, what does that mean?


That's right, blockchain will become the only standard.


In the future, every stablecoin user will be the first to learn how to use a wallet.


As an aside, I actually think Ethereum's concerted push for EIP-7702 is quite forward-thinking. While other chains are all about memes, thank you Ethereum for sticking to account abstraction.



EIP-7702 is about Account Abstraction, which can support, for example:


· Social Account Registration Wallet

· Paying GAS with Native Coin

· And more


This paves the way for future new users to heavily use stablecoins, solving the last-mile problem.


Third, Deposit Enters a New Era


Furthermore, once stablecoins receive legislative support, deposits and withdrawals will become even easier.


Let's imagine a scenario: previously, hindered by the gray nature of stablecoins, but after the bill passes, many traditional brokerages can support stablecoins themselves. The money from a US stock investor can be converted into stablecoins in minutes and instantly deposited into Coinbase. Believe it or not.



Let's imagine another scenario: if the brilliant bill smoothly passes through the House of Representatives, next, you will see:


Due to the extremely lucrative nature of this trading, existing stablecoin leaders and newly entering traditional giants will crazily start promoting their stablecoin products.


And an outsider, due to these promotions, will start using stablecoins. And then one day, after finding out that the wallet account has been created, will explore Bitcoin inside. Is mining Bitcoin difficult?


Stablecoins are a huge Trojan horse. The moment you start using stablecoins, you unwittingly step half a foot into the Crypto world.


Fourth, Conclusion


As a large reservoir for digesting US debt, although stablecoins cannot directly absorb debt, they at least provide ammunition for the US debt secondary market. These functions are quite important, and slowly, stablecoins are becoming a part of the US debt market's body. Therefore, once the US legislation is passed and experiences the benefits, there is no turning back.


And, we are also confident that stablecoins are indeed one of the great innovations in our industry. People who have used stablecoins will find it hard to return to the traditional cash-banking system.


Once the bill is passed, users can't go back. In the future, concerns are about to be resolved, standards will be mastered, and the era of large deposits seems to be on the horizon.


Original Article Link

$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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