Market Liquidity Gradually Recovering, Defi Q1 Performance Generally Optimistic

By: blockbeats|2025/01/06 04:00:04
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Original Article Title: "AI Track Ignition 2025 | Frontier Lab Crypto Market Weekly Report"
Original Source: Frontier Lab

Market Overview

Overall Market Summary

The market sentiment index has risen from 10% last week to 19%, still within the fear zone but showing signs of recovery. Despite still being in the New Year holiday period and with market liquidity not fully restored, funds have started to gradually flow back into the cryptocurrency market. Altcoins have performed stronger than the benchmark index this week, but it is expected that they will follow a synchronous trend with the benchmark index in the short term.

DeFi Ecosystem Development

The Total Value Locked (TVL) of DeFi projects has increased from $527 billion last week to $532 billion, a 0.95% increase, ending two weeks of negative growth. Yield farming projects and Prep DEX projects have performed well, mainly benefiting from the increase in market base interest rates leading to yield enhancements, as well as increased demand for contract transactions due to reduced liquidity during the holiday period.

AI Agent Development

The AI Agent track continues to maintain its hot spot status in the market, with a market size of $12.2 billion, a nearly 12% weekly increase. Market attention is gradually shifting from AI Memes to AI infrastructure projects, with AI Agent autonomous coin issuance becoming the most focused area, and related infrastructure projects such as Phala Network performing well.

Meme Coin Trends

This week, the Meme coin market has mainly focused on AI-related projects, benefiting from the wealth effect brought by AI Agent autonomous coin issuance, with AI Meme projects seeing significant gains. This trend reflects that market funds are chasing AI-related concepts, but it also shows an increased speculative nature.

Public Blockchain Performance Analysis

Public blockchain projects have performed well in this week's market rebound, mainly benefiting from the increase in on-chain DeFi project APY and the development demand of AI projects. Public chains supporting AI development such as Solana, zkSync Era, etc., have performed well, indicating that public blockchains are moving towards AI infrastructure development.

Future Market Outlook

Next week, the market will welcome the release of US employment data, which may impact the Fed's interest rate decision and is expected to bring market volatility. As the holiday season comes to an end, institutional investors will return, and market liquidity is expected to improve. It is recommended that investors maintain a defensive posture, increase the allocation of top assets such as BTC and ETH, and consider participating moderately in high-yield yield farming pools and Prep DEX projects. However, strict position control and risk management are essential.

Market Sentiment Index Analysis

Market Liquidity Gradually Recovering, Defi Q1 Performance Generally Optimistic

The market sentiment index has risen from 10% last week to 19%, reaching the panic zone.

Altcoins have outperformed the benchmark index this week, with most tokens seeing greater gains than the overall market. Although it is still during the New Year holiday, liquidity has not fully recovered, but funds have started to return to the crypto market, and the market is slowly recovering. However, given the current market structure, it is expected that altcoins will remain synchronized with the benchmark index in the short term, with a low probability of independent trends.

Overall Market Trend Overview

· The cryptocurrency market has been in an uptrend this week, with the sentiment index still in panic.

· Defi-related crypto projects have performed well, showing continued market attention to improving underlying yields.

· AI Agent track projects have seen high public sentiment this week, indicating that investors are actively seeking the next market breakout point.

Hot Track

AI Agent

This week, the overall market has been on an uptrend, with most tracks in an upward trend. Among them, most token prices in the AI Agent track have also been on the rise this week, and due to the self-issuance of tokens by AI Agent, it has become a market hotspot, generating the highest level of discussion in the market. In this week, as long as a token is related to the AI Agent track, it has seen an increase in price.

This week, the AI Agent track continues to be the focus of the market due to the self-issuance of tokens by AI Agent. During this week, a significant price increase was seen in some of the Meme coins issued by Virtuals and ai16z, creating a certain wealth effect and attracting investors to focus their attention and funds on tokens related to the AI Agent track. From the price increase, we can see that the highest heat this week is on the ai16z asset issuance platform and the infrastructure project for AI Agent self-issuance tokens — Phala Network. Thus, we can see that market attention has begun to shift from AI Meme to AI infra. Therefore, we need to focus on AI infra track projects next.

Top Five AI Agent Projects by Market Cap:

DeFi Track

TVL Growth Ranking

Top 5 Market Projects by TVL Growth in the past week (excluding projects with smaller TVL, with a threshold of $30 million and above), data source: Defilama

Resolv (Unlaunched): (Recommendation Index: 3 stars)

Project Overview: Resolv is a Delta-neutral stablecoin project that tokenizes portfolio compositions around being market-neutral. The architecture is based on economically viable and fiat-independent revenue streams, allowing competitive rewards to be allocated to protocol liquidity providers.

Latest Developments: This week, Resolv successfully launched new liquidity pools such as USR/RLP and USR-GYD, completed the cross-chain expansion to the Base network, and established strategic partnerships with well-known projects like Gyroscope, Aerodrome, and Pendle, where the Pendle pool's TVL reached $85 million and trading volume surpassed $66 million. Additionally, Resolv implemented comprehensive user incentive measures through the Points Program, with RLP products performing outstandingly with a daily APR of 38%, attracting a substantial number of on-chain users. In terms of community development, it supported 9 community contributors through the Grants Program, further enhancing the ecosystem's sustainable growth.

Bluefin (BLUE): (Recommendation Index: 3 stars)

Project Overview: Bluefin is a decentralized exchange on the Sui chain, offering both derivative and spot trading services, focusing on providing high-performance derivative trading services. Bluefin has built a full suite of meme infrastructure aimed at becoming the meme trading hub of the Sui ecosystem.

Latest Developments: This week, Bluefin successfully integrated the Sui Bridge, supporting cross-chain functionality for suiUSDT, and significantly upgraded the payment system through a partnership with Transak, adding support for Apple Pay, Google Pay, and credit card payments, greatly enhancing the user deposit experience. It also reached a listing cooperation with the Bitget exchange, where the BLUE token is set to be listed on its spot trading zone, and launched the suiUSDT liquidity mining project, offering a competitive yield rate of over 40% APR.

StakeStone (Unlaunched): (Recommendation Rating: 3 Stars)

Project Introduction: StakeStone is a full-stack liquidity infrastructure focusing on providing Liquidity Staking (LST) services for Ethereum and other blockchain networks. The project aims to address staking rewards and liquidity issues in Layer 2 networks in a decentralized manner, while supporting cross-chain compatibility and multi-use case applications.

Latest Developments: This week, StakeStone successfully launched the Berachain Vault with multi-chain access support, implemented cross-chain functionality through Router Protocol's Intent Adapter, established a large-scale liquidity pool in collaboration with Uniswap, and introduced the innovative yield-bearing asset beraSTONE. StakeStone is building a comprehensive DeFi ecosystem through partnerships with KodiakFi, Dolomite.io, Pendle Finance, among others, and implementing the Bera-Wave Points incentive program. The user base has rapidly grown to 80,000.

Euler (EUL): (Recommendation Rating: 2 Stars)

Project Introduction: Euler is a protocol built on top of lending protocols such as Aave and Compound, allowing users to create their own lending markets for any ERC-20 token and providing a Reactive interest rate model to reduce governance intervention.

Latest Developments: Euler has shown strong growth momentum this week, reaching a level of weekly active users comparable to Compound. It has successfully partnered with the mETH Protocol to support $mETH asset lending, collaborated with the Smart M team to achieve the highest ROE performance on the circular lending page, integrated Midas RWA's mTBILL/USDC automated strategy, offering users up to 25% APY, attracting more on-chain users to participate.

Hyperliquid (HYPE): (Recommendation Rating: 5 Stars)

Project Introduction: Hyperliquid is a high-performance decentralized finance platform focused on providing perpetual contract trading and spot trading services. Built on its proprietary high-performance Layer 1 blockchain utilizing the HyperBFT consensus algorithm, it can achieve a capacity of processing up to 200,000 orders per second.

Latest Development: This week, Hyperliquid officially launched staking on the mainnet and, in response to community demand, added leverage trading support for two AI-related tokens, AI16Z and AIXBT, offering up to 5x leverage. Due to the recent surge in the AI Agent token's price and its sustained popularity in the crypto market, Hyperliquid has attracted a large number of users to engage in trading.

In conclusion, we can see that this week, projects that experienced rapid TVL growth mainly focused on the yield farming and Prep DEX sectors.

Overall Sector Performance

· Stablecoin Market Cap Growth: USDT decreased from last week's $1.447 trillion to $1.427 trillion, a decrease of 1.38%, while USDC increased from last week's $429 billion to $440 billion, marking a growth of 2.56%. Despite an overall decline in the stablecoin market cap, USDC, dominant in the U.S. market, showed growth, indicating that the market's buying force continues to see sustained inflows.

· Increasing Liquidity: As traditional market risk-free arbitrage rates continue to decline due to ongoing interest rate cuts, on-chain Defi projects' arbitrage rates have been steadily increasing alongside the appreciation of cryptocurrency assets. Returning to Defi would be a very good choice.

Defi TVL across different sectors (Source: https://defillama.com/categories)

· Funding Status: The TVL of Defi projects increased from $52.7 billion last week to the current $53.2 billion, a growth of 0.95%. Although the increase is small, it marks the end of two weeks of consecutive declines. From this, we can see that even though the U.S. is still in the midst of a holiday season, on-chain funds are starting to flow in, and on-chain Defi activities are beginning to recover. Consequently, with institutional and investor return to the market expected next week after the holiday, the TVL of the Defi market is likely to continue to rise. Therefore, next week, the primary focus should be on the rate and amount of fund inflow into the Defi market.

In-Depth Analysis

Rug Pull Project Price Surge Drivers: The core driving factors of this price surge can be summarized as follows: Due to the market being in an uptrend this week, the APY of various DeFi protocols has seen different degrees of increase, leading to a noticeable rise in the Rug Pull project's APY as well.

Specifically:

· Market Environment: The market was in an uptrend this week, causing the base interest rates to rise.

· Rate Side: The base lending rate increased, reflecting the market's pricing expectations for capital.

· Yield Side: The yield rate of Rug Pull projects expanded compared to other projects, attracting more users to participate in this transmission mechanism, strengthening the Rug Pull project's value support, and forming a virtuous growth momentum.

Prep DEX Project Price Surge Drivers: Due to the recent holiday period in the U.S., the market experienced a significant drop in liquidity, causing token prices to easily surge or plummet. In this process, investors seeking to maximize their interests often choose to engage in contract trading. As liquidations in CEX-based contract trading often involve exchange-manipulated liquidation events, once the performance and trading depth of on-chain Prep DEX improved, investors were more willing to choose Prep DEX for contract trading, thereby driving the development of the entire Prep DEX track project.

Other Track Performances

Public Chains

The top 5 increases in Total Value Locked (TVL) in public chains in the past week (excluding smaller TVL chains), data source: Defilama

Zircuit: This week, Zircuit partnered with the Gud Tech AI team to develop AI Smart Vaults and multi-chain trading infrastructure, expected to launch in January 2025. They have successfully established a partnership with KelpDAO and introduced a multi-reward plan (including triple Kelp Miles, double Zircuit points, etc.). Additionally, they collaborated with Reown to provide developers with an Appkit login solution. Notably, the ecosystem project Gud Tech AI has achieved a $9 million ZRC token staking, and the platform plans to launch a brand refresh in January 2025, further deepening its technical strength in AI-protected trading systems and Automated Finance.

Hyperliquid: This week, Hyperliquid officially launched staking on the mainnet and, in response to community demand, added leveraged trading support for two AI-related tokens, AI16Z and AIXBT, offering up to 5x leverage. Due to the recent surge in the value and popularity of AI Agent tokens, which has been consistently high in the crypto market, Hyperliquid has attracted a large number of users to participate in trading.

Toncoin: Toncoin is currently developing the TON Teleport BTC permissionless bridge solution, which is expected to significantly reduce BTC transfer costs. It has also entered into a strategic partnership with Jupiter Exchange to develop a liquidity aggregator. Additionally, over 120 ecosystem integrations have been completed for USDT on TON, with a circulating supply exceeding $1 billion. Toncoin is hosting a DeFi innovation competition (winners will be announced on February 15, 2025) and plans to launch the BTCfi hackathon (with a prize pool of over $1 million).

ZKsync Era: This week, zkSync Era focused mainly on promoting its 2025 strategic positioning. The project team released the important declaration "2025 is the year of ZK," which received a positive community response with 1467 likes and 158 retweets. The project reaffirmed its core principle of "Web3 without compromise," emphasizing a commitment to development in the dimensions of performance, security, and usability, showcasing a strong confidence in ZK technology development.

Solana: Solana partnered with Send.ai this week to launch the AI Agent Kit development toolkit. Additionally, RedotPay was officially launched on the Solana chain, supporting USDC and USDT for use by 1.2 million merchants globally, with integration into Apple Pay and Google Pay. In the Gamefi track, prominent projects such as Nyan Heroes and Star Atlas announced plans to intensively develop on the Solana chain in 2025.

Gainers Overview

Last week's Top 5 Market Token Gainers (excluding tokens with very low volume and meme coins), data source: Coinmarketcap

AI16Z: AI16Z released a significant v0.1.7 update this week, including 50+ improvements and fixes. It added support for multiple chains including Cronos ZKEVM, Avalanche, AlienX, Fuel, and enhanced AI features like text-to-3D and speech synthesis. AI16Z also initiated early development work on Eliza V2, with its token performing impressively, becoming the first Solana AI token to surpass a $2 billion market cap with over 62,000 holders. In terms of ecosystem development, the project held an AI Agent Builders offline meetup in Korea on January 3 and plans to strengthen open-source feedback through the RGPF initiative.

ATA: Automata Network achieved a major technical breakthrough this week by successfully bringing TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) technology on-chain and collaborating with EigenLayer to develop the Multi-Prover AVS system. Automata also joined the Optimism ecosystem as an Optimism Collective member, providing TEE-compatible GPU support for Worldcoin's AMPC. An end-of-year community meeting is scheduled for January 6. Particularly, Automata's breakthrough in TEE technology aligns well with the current AI Agent market trend. If other AI Agent self-issuance projects adopt Automata on a large scale, it may further drive up its price.

GRIFFAIN: Griffain's key move this week was the launch of the SAIMP (Solana AI Message Protocol) open standard protocol. This protocol enables AI agents to send messages on the public blockchain, with all messages stored on-chain. It supports anyone to build SAIMP clients. Griffain also introduced the "@ Store" concept (similar to Apple's App Store) and plans to officially launch it in 2025, integrating a dedicated financial agent (@uselulo) to offer financial services.

VIRTUAL: Due to the recent hype around AI Agent projects, Virtuals Protocol saw significant growth in all aspects this week: within a month of launching on the GAME framework, over 200 projects are in use with a total market cap exceeding $5 billion. Daily requests have reached 150,000 with a 200% week-over-week growth. Since its launch on Base on October 16, 2024, Virtuals has acquired 220,000 token holders, with supported AI agents totaling a $20 billion market cap and protocol revenue of $60 million ($300 million annualized). The protocol introduced the "Virtuals Agent Spotlight" program to showcase outstanding projects and continues to highlight ecosystem progress through Discord education sessions and social media.

PHA: This week, Phala Network released the 2025 TEE x AI Technology Report, focusing on showcasing the technical layout in the decentralized AGI (dAGI) field. They also announced a significant network architecture adjustment: the termination of PHA access on the Khala Network on January 8, 2024, and the implementation of a 1:1 ratio migration of PHA tokens from Khala to Ethereum (ERC20). Additionally, this week, the PHA token was listed on Binance Futures and Bitget, offering up to 75x leverage trading. Furthermore, Phala Network announced continued progress in ecosystem partnerships with projects such as 0G Labs, SentientAGI, NEAR Protocol, among others.

You can see from the top gainers list this week that all projects are related to the AI Agent track.

Meme Token Top Gainers

Data Source: coinmarketcap.com

This week, the Meme track's gains were mainly concentrated on AI-related AI Meme projects. Due to the recent trend of AI Agent self-launch projects and the overall popularity of the AI Agent track, there has been a wealth effect, leading to increased market attention and funds flowing into the AI Agent track. Consequently, Meme projects as AI Agent self-launch entities also garnered market attention and saw significant price surges.

Social Media Highlights

Based on data from LunarCrush's top five daily growth and Scopechat's top five AI Score this week (12.28-1.3), the statistics are as follows:

The most frequently mentioned theme was L1s, and the tokens on the list are as follows (excluding tokens with extremely low trading volume and meme coins):

Data Source: Lunarcrush and Scopechat

According to data analysis, the highest social media attention this week was on L1s projects. As this week fell during the New Year holiday, with the U.S. market mainly on holiday, various market makers and institutions were still in holiday mode, leading to a significant drop in market liquidity. However, as the Crypto market saw a price rebound this week after a significant downturn in the past two weeks, with various public chains performing well in this rebound. With the improvement in overall market sentiment, on-chain users shifted their attention and funds to on-chain Defi projects. Public chain Defi projects saw an increase in TVL and trading volume as the overall Crypto market prices rose, providing investors with rapidly increasing APY. Alongside the hot trend in Defi projects, the AI track projects were also popular. As various public chains support the development of AI projects, these public chains had a good performance in this week's rebound.

Market Theme Overview

Data Source: SoSoValue

Based on the weekly return rate statistics, the AI track performed the best, while the SocialFi track performed the worst.

AI Track: In the AI track, VIRTUAL, RENDER, FET, TAO have a relatively large market share, totaling 73.36%. This week, their price declines were 63.63%, 5.39%, 10.04%, 7.89%, respectively. This led to the best performance of the entire AI track index. Recently, due to the hot trend of AI Agents independently issuing coins, the market has concentrated funds and attention on the AI track, causing a general price surge in various AI track tokens.

SocialFi Track: The absolute mainstay of the SocialFi track is still TON, accounting for 90.68% of the SocialFi track's market value. This week, TON did not rebound with the overall market but instead dropped by 2.86%, resulting in the worst performance of the SocialFi track.

Next Week's Crypto Major Events Preview

Thursday (January 9th): US Initial Jobless Claims for the week; Federal Reserve releases minutes from December monetary policy meeting

Friday (January 10th): US Unemployment Rate for December; US Nonfarm Payrolls for December

Next Week Outlook

Macro Factors Analysis

Next week, the US Unemployment Rate for December and US Nonfarm Payrolls for December will be released. These two data points are of great concern to the Federal Reserve and will largely influence whether there will be a rate cut in January. It is expected that there will be market volatility around the release of the data.

As various institutions resume normal work after the holidays, markets mainly driven by US purchases will become active again, liquidity will be restored, providing some support to market prices.

Sector Rotation Trend

Although the DeFi track is currently in a challenging market environment, investors generally expect a market-wide uptrend in the first quarter of next year. Therefore, most investors are still unwilling to sell their tokens. At the same time, in order to increase token holding rewards, many are participating in yield farming projects to boost returns. Additionally, due to recent market volatility, many investors are engaging in contract trading to increase their profits, leading to decent development in various Prep DEX projects recently.

The AI sector's AI Agent track has received continuous attention from the market, with the market size reaching $12.2 billion, a nearly 12% increase from last week. The growth has been rapid, and this week the market will continue to focus on AI Agent autonomous launch, causing projects related to the AI Agent autonomous launch track to all see gains.

Investment strategy advice is to maintain a defensive allocation, increase allocation to leading assets BTC and ETH to enhance asset hedging properties and hedge risks, while also participating in some high-yield yield farming DeFi projects and Pre-IDO DEX projects. Investors are advised to remain cautious, control positions strictly, and manage risks effectively.

Original Article Link

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Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Infrastructure Bill'

Original Title: "Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Genius Act'"Original Author: 0xTodd, Partner at Nothing Research


If the US stablecoin bill, the "GENIUS Act," passes smoothly this time, its significance will be tremendous. I even think it's significant enough to enter the top five in Crypto history.



Although abbreviated as the GENIUS Act, which translates directly to the Genius Act, it is actually the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins, which translates to "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Dollar Stablecoins."


The proposal is lengthy, with several key points summarized for everyone:


· Mandatory 1:1 Full Asset Backing: Assets include cash, demand deposits, and short-term US Treasuries. At the same time, misappropriation and rehypothecation are strictly prohibited.


· High-Frequency Disclosure: Reserve reports must be published at least monthly, introducing external audits.


· Licensing Requirement: Once the circulating market cap of the issuer's stablecoin exceeds $100 billion, it must transition into the federal regulatory system within a specified timeframe, adopting banking-grade regulation.


· Introduction of Custody: The custodian of the stablecoin and its reserve assets must be a regulated qualified financial institution.


· Clear Definition as a Payment Medium: The bill explicitly defines stablecoin as a new type of payment medium, primarily regulated by the banking regulatory system, rather than restricted by the securities or commodities regulatory system.


· Embracing Existing Stablecoins: A maximum 18-month grace period after the bill's enactment, aimed at encouraging existing stablecoin issuers (such as USDT, USDC, etc.) to promptly obtain licenses or become compliant.


After finishing the main content, let's talk about the significance of this matter with an excited heart.


Over the years, when others asked, "After working in the Crypto industry for 16 years, what application have you created?"


In the future, you can confidently tell others—Stablecoins.


First, Clearing Concerns is a Prerequisite


Some people have held opposing views. In the past, people's impression of stablecoins was that they were an opaque black box. Every few months, there would be FUD — whether Tether's assets were frozen or Circle had a significant black hole deficit.


In fact, if you think about it, Tether easily rakes in billions of dollars a year just from the interest on those underlying government bonds. Circle, slightly less, also made a $1.7 billion profit last year.


They basically made money while standing there. From a motivational standpoint, they have no malicious intentions. In fact, they are the most eager for compliance.


Now, this opaque black box will become a transparent white box.


In the past, the only complaint was that Tether's funds might have been frozen by the United States. Now, they will be directly placed into U.S. compliant custodial institutions, with high-frequency disclosures, so you can rest assured.


【No need to worry about a rug pull】 is such a huge advantage—I think especially all Crypto people understand this.


Second, Mastering the Standard is Very Important


Stablecoins were once almost on the verge of being overtaken by CBDCs. In any country, if a central bank digital currency really exists, it is highly likely not built on a blockchain, at most it is built on some internal central bank consortium chain, which to be honest, is meaningless.


When CBDCs were at their peak, that was the most dangerous time for stablecoins.


If CBDCs had become a reality back then, stablecoins today would have been relentlessly suppressed into a dark corner, and blockchain would only be able to play a minimal role.


The remaining half-dead stablecoins would even have to learn the standards of central bank digital currencies, completely relinquishing their standard-setting power.


And now, stablecoins have won (or are about to).


Instead, everyone should learn the 【Blockchain + Token】 standard.


Nowadays, many blockchains actually have no meaningful applications on top, only stablecoin transfers. For example, with Aptos, the only scenario I use Aptos for is transfers between Binance and OKX.


And now, stablecoins will be legislated, what does that mean?


That's right, blockchain will become the only standard.


In the future, every stablecoin user will be the first to learn how to use a wallet.


As an aside, I actually think Ethereum's concerted push for EIP-7702 is quite forward-thinking. While other chains are all about memes, thank you Ethereum for sticking to account abstraction.



EIP-7702 is about Account Abstraction, which can support, for example:


· Social Account Registration Wallet

· Paying GAS with Native Coin

· And more


This paves the way for future new users to heavily use stablecoins, solving the last-mile problem.


Third, Deposit Enters a New Era


Furthermore, once stablecoins receive legislative support, deposits and withdrawals will become even easier.


Let's imagine a scenario: previously, hindered by the gray nature of stablecoins, but after the bill passes, many traditional brokerages can support stablecoins themselves. The money from a US stock investor can be converted into stablecoins in minutes and instantly deposited into Coinbase. Believe it or not.



Let's imagine another scenario: if the brilliant bill smoothly passes through the House of Representatives, next, you will see:


Due to the extremely lucrative nature of this trading, existing stablecoin leaders and newly entering traditional giants will crazily start promoting their stablecoin products.


And an outsider, due to these promotions, will start using stablecoins. And then one day, after finding out that the wallet account has been created, will explore Bitcoin inside. Is mining Bitcoin difficult?


Stablecoins are a huge Trojan horse. The moment you start using stablecoins, you unwittingly step half a foot into the Crypto world.


Fourth, Conclusion


As a large reservoir for digesting US debt, although stablecoins cannot directly absorb debt, they at least provide ammunition for the US debt secondary market. These functions are quite important, and slowly, stablecoins are becoming a part of the US debt market's body. Therefore, once the US legislation is passed and experiences the benefits, there is no turning back.


And, we are also confident that stablecoins are indeed one of the great innovations in our industry. People who have used stablecoins will find it hard to return to the traditional cash-banking system.


Once the bill is passed, users can't go back. In the future, concerns are about to be resolved, standards will be mastered, and the era of large deposits seems to be on the horizon.


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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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