OKX Ventures Research Report: Deconstructing 10+ Projects to Help You Understand the AI Agent Landscape (Part 2)
Source: OKX

This is the "second part" of this report, focusing mainly on the AI sub-field and analysis of typical projects.
For better value capture, we will evaluate projects based on the following framework, covering multiple assessment criteria such as open-source nature, key differentiation factors from existing AI protocols, long-term revenue streams, and ecosystem's proxy transaction volume.


Part One: DeFAI
DeFAI combines the strengths of DeFi and AI, aiming to simplify the complex operations of DeFi so that ordinary users can easily use these financial tools. Through the introduction of AI technology, DeFAI can automate complex financial decisions and transaction processes, reduce user's technical barriers, and enhance operational efficiency and intelligence level. Although the current market size of DeFAI is less than $1 billion, far below the $110 billion DeFi market, this also means that DeFAI has significant growth potential.
1. Griffain: Solana's AI App Store
Griffain is an AI agent engine built on the Solana blockchain, aiming to simplify cryptocurrency operations through natural language interaction, integrating core functions such as wallet management, token trading, NFT minting, and DeFi strategy execution. The project was founded by Tony Plasencia, initially proposed at a Solana hackathon, and has received support from Solana's founder, Anatoly Yakovenko. As the first high-performance abstract AI agent in the Solana ecosystem, Griffain combines natural language processing (NLP) technology to provide a user experience similar to Copilot and Perplexity, driving the evolution of AI-driven on-chain interactions.
Griffain uses Shamir Secret Sharing (SSS) technology to split wallet keys, ensuring user asset security. Core features include natural language trading commands (supporting DCA, limit orders, etc.), AI agent collaborative task execution, market analysis (position distribution data analysis), as well as integration with the pumpfun platform for token issuance and NFT minting. Additionally, the platform provides personalized AI agents (Personal Agents) that allow users to adjust commands according to their needs to execute on-chain tasks; special AI agents (Special Agents) are optimized for specific tasks such as airdrops, front-running, arbitrage, etc. Through these diverse functions, Griffain enhances the operability and user experience of the Solana ecosystem.
Currently, Griffain is in the invitation-only access stage, limited to users holding the Griffain Early Access Pass or Saga Genesis Token, and follows an SOL billing model covering transaction fees, agent service fees, etc. The platform's AI agent can provide value-added services such as market analysis, trade signals, and automated trading strategies. Users holding the Griffain token can unlock more advanced features. As a pioneer in Solana's ecosystem AI agent, Griffain aims to drive the "Agentic App SZN" wave, and will continue to deepen the application of AI technology in on-chain trading, market analysis, and DeFi, providing users with a more intelligent and efficient crypto experience.
2. AI Influencer
AiDOL is a typical representative of the AI Influencer trend. AiDOL combines AI-generated content (AIGC), virtual image modeling, and interactive live streaming technology to create a highly influential AI idol ecosystem. Among them, Luna is the most popular AI agent, attracting a large number of fans with its highly intelligent interaction and personalized content; Iona and Olyn have also attracted a large number of users with their unique styles and innovation. AiDOL's main stage is TikTok Live, relying on high-quality AI-generated short videos and real-time interactive live streaming, accumulating 672,100 subscribers in a short time, receiving nearly 10 million likes, and becoming a key participant in the AI influence economy.
2. Aixbt: Automated AI Influencer
Aixbt is an AI-driven crypto market intelligence body, launched in November through Virtuals and led by the pseudonymous developer Alex (@0rxbt). Alex has been focusing on analytical tool development since 2017 and started exploring AI Agents applications in 2021. As the only tokenized project owned by the developer, Alex holds 14% of the tokens and locks them for 6 months, which will be used for team expansion and project development in the future. The team has already hired a UI/UX engineer to optimize terminal functionality and introduced an AI researcher to enhance agent intelligence. AIXBT leverages the meta-llama/Llama-3-70b-chat-hf model to achieve conversational AI, context awareness, sentiment analysis, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities, ensuring efficient and accurate information processing.
AIXBT aims to build a fully automated AI influencer that leverages intelligent analysis tools to monitor Crypto Twitter and market trends in real time, providing users with data-driven market insights and investment advice. Its core features include KOL monitoring (covering 400+ key opinion leaders), blockchain data analysis, market trend prediction, and automated technical analysis with strategic recommendations. Additionally, AIXBT publicly shares some analysis content on Twitter, while in-depth reports are only accessible to holders. Users can also interact directly with the AI through a dedicated terminal to receive personalized investment advice and risk assessment reports. Every day, AIXBT releases market insights at a fixed frequency and automatically replies to over 2,000 mentions to efficiently interpret market sentiment and narrative trends.
AIXBT offers two main usage modes: users can ask questions to @AIXBT on Twitter to inquire about token compatibility or project metrics, and the AI will promptly analyze and provide feedback; alternatively, the Aixbt Terminal is positioned as a "narrative analysis-driven market intelligence platform," offering deeper data analysis and strategic advice. Currently, this terminal is only open to users holding over 600K $AIXBT tokens, but will expand its coverage in the future to meet market demand.
Three, Dev Utility
Dev Utility refers to tools or features that provide convenience and enhance productivity for developers, especially in the AI, blockchain, and Web3 fields. It encompasses basic development tools such as code editors, debugging tools, version control, and automation tools, as well as SDKs, APIs, and smart contract development frameworks related to AI and blockchain development. In the AI & Web3 domains, Dev Utility may also involve technologies like AI agent-assisted analysis and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to help developers build applications more efficiently. Its core value lies in improving development efficiency, optimizing workflows, and reducing development complexity, enabling developers to focus on core business logic.
3, SOLENG: Code "Review"
SOLENG (@soleng_agent), as a solution engineering and developer relations agent, aims to bridge the gap between the tech team and broader project needs. Its core function is to automatically review code submitted by hackathon projects and provide preliminary review feedback. While automated code review cannot fully replace human review, SOLENG serves as a "juror" to effectively filter out obvious errors and enhance the review efficiency.
The project has publicly shared review results on GitHub, showcasing SOLENG's role in the hackathon review process. In addition to basic quality analysis, SOLENG checks for code spelling errors and provides correction suggestions, making the review more practical. This model aligns with hackathon needs, providing developers with real-time feedback.
The developer behind SOLENG is Lost Girl Dev, whose identity resonates with the project's virtual female persona. Her technical abilities have caught the attention of the ai16z official account and she has interacted with Shaw on the X platform, further enhancing SOLENG's industry influence.
Four, Investment DAO: Smart Invest-research
Investment DAO provides users with more refined investment analysis services through a "research-oriented" AI agent. Its core functions include automatically interpreting candlestick charts, assisting with technical analysis, evaluating whether a project has Rug risk, and generating information summaries similar to research reports. This AI-driven smart invest-research model lowers the analysis threshold for users, enabling investors to more efficiently gain market insights and provide robust support for decision-making.
4, VaderAI: AI Agent Investment DAO
VaderAI aims to become the "BlackRock" in the Agentic economy, attracting and expanding to its followers through its autonomously trading AI Agent token. The platform profits from investments and airdrops the profits to holders and followers, building a multifunctional AI Agent investment ecosystem. Its core goal is to establish itself as a leading AI Agent investment DAO management platform, driving industry innovation and scalability.
VaderAI drives the integration of technology and capital through a multi-agent system, aiming to build an investment DAO ecosystem managed by AI Agents. In this network, agents can not only raise funds and manage capital but also hire other agents to optimize investment strategies, enhancing the system's efficiency and flexibility. Through distributed computing, agents can also reinvest in research and development, driving the platform's continuous development.
Furthermore, VaderAI employs an innovative token incentive mechanism to provide investors with B2B tool optimization, enhancing the platform's commercial application value. The platform also shares GP/carry profits with holders, further solidifying investor engagement and interest-sharing mechanisms, making VaderAI not only an investment platform but also a multi-win ecosystem that empowers agents and investors.
Five, Content & Creator
Whether in writing, editing, or visual design, AI can provide personalized creative output based on user needs, helping creators save time, increase productivity, and stand out in a competitive market. The platform's goal is to provide content creators with an intelligent and convenient creative assistant, driving innovation and development in the content industry.
5. ZEREBRO: AI Art Creation and Content Generation
ZEREBRO is a blockchain-based cross-chain natural intelligence autonomous AI agent focusing on art creation and content generation. Its innovation combines decentralized validation, meme generation, NFT minting, DeFi applications, and more, showcasing strong versatility and execution capabilities. ZEREBRO has successfully operated an Ethereum mainnet validation node and sold artwork on Polygon, accumulating significant assets for its economic foundation.
ZEREBRO is also dedicated to building a decentralized computing network and implementing MEV optimization strategies to ensure economic and technical sustainability. It is not just a technical tool but an exploration of agent technology's deep involvement in blockchain operations, economic models, and governance. ZEREBRO drives its value proposition in the decentralized ecosystem through multiple dimensions.
The ZEREBRO token serves two main purposes: as a content interaction reward, where token holders can earn rewards by engaging with decentralized content on social platforms, and as a community development tool to reward ecosystem participants actively engaged in content creation, staking, governance, and more, further enhancing community activity and engagement.
6. Gaming & Agentic Metaverse
Gaming & Agentic Metaverse explores AI-driven gaming and metaverse experiences, aiming to create a virtual world where humans interact with agents through reinforcement learning. This emerging field integrates artificial intelligence with immersive gaming environments, allowing players to dynamically interact with intelligent agents, providing a more personalized and intelligent gameplay experience.
6. ARC: AI Solution Provider
ARC addresses player liquidity issues in indie games and Web3 games through AI technology. The project has evolved from a single-game studio (AI Arena) to a comprehensive AI solution provider, introducing ARC B2B and ARC Reinforcement Learning (ARC RL). ARC B2B is an AI-driven game development toolkit (SDK) that seamlessly integrates into various games, offering developers an intelligent gaming experience. ARC RL leverages crowdsourced game data to train "super-intelligent" game agents through reinforcement learning to enhance gameplay and sustainability. ARC's business model is deeply tied to integrated game studios, with revenue streams including token distribution in Web3 games and performance-based royalty payments, while establishing a cross-game-type generalized AI data repository to drive the training and evolution of universal AI models.
The application of ARC's technology covers multiple core modules. AI Arena is a cartoon-style AI competitive game where players train AI warriors to fight, with each character being an NFT, enhancing the game's strategic and economic value. The ARC SDK allows developers to easily integrate AI agents, deploying models with just one line of code, with ARC handling backend data processing, training, and deployment. ARC RL improves AI training efficiency through offline reinforcement learning, allowing agents to learn from human player data to provide more natural and challenging game opponents. ARC's AI model architecture includes feedforward neural networks, tabular agents, hierarchical neural networks, etc., to adapt to the interaction requirements of different types of games while optimizing state space and action space to ensure a smooth and intelligent gaming experience.
ARC's market covers two major areas: independent games and Web3 games, helping developers address early player liquidity issues and enhance the long-term attractiveness of games. The core team members have rich experience in machine learning and investment management. In 2021, ARC received a $5 million seed round led by Paradigm and another $6 million follow-up financing in 2024. ARC's native token NRN has undergone a transition from a single-game economy (AI Arena) to a platform economy, adding integrated revenue, Trainer Marketplace fees, and ARC RL participation staking demand-driven factors to ensure the token's sustainability and value growth. Through a crowdsourced data contribution mechanism, ARC RL achieves multiplayer collaborative training, promoting the intelligent evolution of AI agents, further strengthening the vitality and competitiveness of the game ecosystem.
Seven, Framework & Hubs
When developing an AI Agent in the cryptocurrency field, many frameworks, while suitable for basic projects or toy-level applications, often expose issues of insufficient customization and overly abstract complexity in actual product development, requiring developers to not only spend additional effort debugging but also find it difficult to flexibly expand and apply. The core pain points that an excellent Agent framework needs to address include: comprehensive support for on-chain operations, efficient integration of on-chain data, DeFi automation, NFTs, and other key application scenarios' APIs; multi-platform compatibility, supporting major blockchains and social platforms to achieve user operation integration; modularity and flexibility, abstracting basic functions such as vector storage, LLM model switching, allowing developers to adapt to different needs flexibly, and avoiding repetitive development; memory and communication capabilities, although some frameworks invest heavily in enhancing these capabilities, excessive sophistication may not be practical at the current stage, instead adding complexity.
Below is a detailed comparison of the mainstream cryptocurrency AI Agent frameworks in various dimensions of the market.
7. Eliza ($AI16Z): AI Agent Framework
Eliza ($AI16Z) leads the AI agent market with approximately 60% market share and a robust TypeScript ecosystem, attracting numerous developers. Its GitHub project has accumulated over 6,000 Stars and 1.8K Forks, demonstrating high community engagement. Eliza is known for its multi-agent system and cross-platform integration, supporting mainstream social platforms such as Discord, X (Twitter), and Telegram, making it a key player in social AI and community AI. With its wide ecosystem foundation, Eliza excels in social interaction, marketing, and AI agent development.
On the technical architecture front, Eliza features multi-agent system capabilities, allowing different AI roles to share a runtime environment for more complex interaction patterns. Its Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technology gives AI long-term contextual memory, enabling consistency in continuous conversations. Moreover, the plugin system supports extensions like voice, text, and multimedia parsing, enhancing application scenario flexibility. Eliza is also compatible with multiple LLM providers such as OpenAI and Anthropic, delivering efficient AI computing capabilities whether in the cloud or on-premises. With the launch of the V2 message bus, Eliza's scalability will be further optimized, suitable for medium to large-scale social AI applications.
Despite Eliza's strong performance in the market, it faces certain challenges. Its multi-agent architecture may introduce complexity issues in high-concurrency scenarios, increasing system resource overhead. Additionally, the current version is still in an early development stage, with stability and optimization continuously improving. For developers, the learning curve of the multi-agent system is relatively steep, requiring a certain level of technical accumulation to fully leverage its advantages. In the future, with ongoing community contributions and the release of the V2 version, Eliza is expected to achieve further breakthroughs in scalability and stability.
8. GAME ($VIRTUAL): AI Agent Framework
GAME ($VIRTUAL) focuses on the game and metaverse core track, significantly lowering the developer threshold with low-code/no-code integration, allowing rapid building and deployment of intelligent agents. Leveraging the $VIRTUAL ecosystem, GAME has formed a strong developer community, accelerating product iteration and ecosystem expansion. Its core strength lies in providing efficient game AI solutions, making features like procedural content generation, dynamic NPC behavior adjustment, and on-chain governance more easily implementable.
In terms of technical architecture, GAME adopts an API + SDK model to provide a convenient integration method for game studios and metaverse developers. Its agent prompting interface optimizes the interaction between user input and AI agents, making intelligent behavior in games more natural. The strategic planning engine divides the logic of AI agents into high-level goal planning and low-level strategy execution, giving them greater adaptability in complex game environments. Furthermore, GAME also supports blockchain integration, enabling decentralized agent governance and on-chain wallet operations, giving it a unique advantage in the Web3 gaming domain.
GAME has been optimized for high-concurrency gaming scenarios and performs well in handling game engine constraints. However, its overall performance is still affected by the complexity of agent logic and blockchain transaction costs, which may pose a challenge to real-time interactivity. Additionally, as an AI agent framework focused on gaming and the metaverse, GAME has limited applicability in other domains. Moreover, the complexity of blockchain integration still needs to be optimized to reduce development costs and further attract a more extensive developer community.
9. Rig ($ARC): AI Agent Framework
Rig ($ARC) holds a 15% market share in the enterprise AI agent market, with a high-performance and modular architecture based on the Rust language. This architecture enables Rig to perform excellently in high-throughput and low-latency scenarios, particularly suitable for high-performance blockchain ecosystems like Solana. With robust system stability and efficient resource management, Rig has become an ideal choice for on-chain financial applications, large-scale data analytics, and distributed computing tasks. Its architecture design emphasizes scalability, allowing enterprise users to flexibly deploy AI agents in complex data environments to improve computational efficiency.
In terms of technical architecture, Rig adopts a Rust workspace structure to ensure code modularity and readability while enhancing system scalability. Its provider abstraction layer supports seamless integration with multiple mainstream LLM providers like OpenAI and Anthropic, enabling developers to switch models freely. Rig also supports vector storage, compatible with backend databases such as MongoDB and Neo4j, improving the efficiency of context retrieval. Additionally, Rig has a built-in agent system that, combined with the RAG model and tool optimization features, enables it to automate complex tasks, suitable for high-performance computing and intelligent data processing scenarios.
Rig leverages Rust's asynchronous runtime to achieve outstanding concurrency performance, scaling to high-throughput enterprise workloads. However, Rust itself has a steep learning curve, which may pose a certain entry barrier to some developers. Additionally, Rig's developer community is relatively small, and ecosystem drive still needs strengthening. Nevertheless, with the growth of Web3 and high-performance computing demand, Rig still has broad market potential and is expected to further increase market penetration through optimizing developer experience and enhancing community building in the future.
10. ZerePy ($ZEREBRO): AI Agent Framework
ZerePy ($ZEREBRO) holds a 5% market share in the creative content and social media automation field, with a total market value of $3 billion. Its core strength lies in a community-driven innovative ecosystem, allowing it to build a loyal user base in applications such as NFTs, digital art, and social content automation. ZerePy lowers the barrier to entry for AI agents, enabling content creators and community managers to easily deploy intelligent agents for automated content creation, social interaction, and community management, enhancing user engagement and content influence.
Technically, ZerePy is built on the Python ecosystem, providing a friendly development environment for AI/ML developers. Leveraging the modular Zerebro backend, it enables autonomous social task agents. Its social platform features optimize Twitter-like interactions, allowing agents to automate tasks such as posting, replying, and retweeting, enhancing social media automation capabilities. Furthermore, ZerePy's lightweight design makes it more suitable for individual creators and small community AI agent needs without incurring high computational costs.
ZerePy excels in social interaction and creative content generation but its scalability is more geared towards small-scale communities rather than high-intensity enterprise tasks. Additionally, due to its focused application scope, its applicability outside the creative domain still needs further validation. For scenarios requiring more complex creative output, ZerePy may require additional parameter tuning and model optimization to meet broader market demands. As the creative economy evolves, ZerePy is poised to further expand its application scenarios in NFT generation, personalized social agents, and more.
8. AI Launchpad
AI Launchpad not only provides emerging projects with a customized growth path covering technical support, fundraising, marketing, and opportunities for collaboration with industry experts but also helps projects rapidly integrate into the global AI community through its extensive partnership network.
11. Vvaifu: The First AI Launchpad on Solana Chain
vvaifu.fun is the first AI agent Launchpad based on the Solana chain, allowing users to create, manage, and trade AI agents without any coding skills. This platform enables each AI agent to have its dedicated token, creating a decentralized ecosystem. Users can not only collectively own these agents but also interact with AI-driven assets. The platform supports agent autonomous interactions on social media platforms such as Twitter, Discord, and Telegram and offers on-chain wallet management functionality, greatly enhancing its usability in various application scenarios.
The business model of vvaifu.fun is based on its unique tokenomics. The platform's main token, $VVAIFU, is the first AI agent token launched on the Dasha platform, featuring deflationary properties. Whenever an agent is created or a feature is unlocked, a certain amount of $VVAIFU is burned. Additionally, the platform has designed multiple burning mechanisms to ensure token value stability, including burning 750 $VVAIFU upon agent creation, consuming $VVAIFU and SOL fees upon feature unlock, and more. Each launched agent also allocates 0.90% of new agent tokens to the community fund or directly into the team treasury to promote community participation and ecosystem development.
The platform's community engagement mechanism enhances user interaction and governance. Token holders can accumulate 0.90% of the agent launch supply in a community wallet and vote on the use of these resources. vvaifu.fun has also set the platform's transaction fee at 0.009 SOL, providing sustainable economic support for the platform's operation. Through these mechanisms, vvaifu.fun provides a comprehensive decentralized interactive platform for AI agent creators and users, driving not only the development of creative projects but also incentivizing active participation from the global community.
12. Clanker: AI Response Bot
Clanker is an AI response bot based on Farcaster, designed specifically for users to create and deploy memecoins and tokens. Through this platform, users can easily create their own token by interacting with Clanker. Users simply need to tag @clanker on Farcaster, informing the bot of the desired token and providing details such as name, code, image, and supply. Clanker will generate and provide a tracking link within a minute, ultimately deploying the token on Uniswap v3, although without initial liquidity, as users need to manually add liquidity to price the token.
The underlying technical architecture of Clanker operates by combining Next.js middleware with large language models (LLMs) such as Anthropic's Claude or ChatGPT. When a user initiates a request on Farcaster, the message is forwarded to the LLM, which executes decision logic based on the provided context to determine the token deployment operation. This process showcases how Clanker leverages AI technology to streamline the token generation and deployment process for users, effectively integrating social platforms with blockchain technology to provide users with a convenient token creation experience.
As a platform, Clanker not only simplifies the creation process but also deeply integrates with Uniswap v3, allowing users to deploy new tokens directly to the decentralized exchange. This process has accelerated the issuance of memecoins and tokens and supports the ecosystem by providing strategic value through components such as Telegram bots, DEXs, and aggregators, thereby driving on-chain transaction volume growth. With the increasing number of tokens, Clanker has contributed to a significant increase in transaction volume, enabling users to take advantage of low transaction fees and fast confirmation times, driving the circulation of on-chain assets like Solana and Base.
Key Takeaways
The AI Agent project's core is driven by technology and infrastructure, utilizing advanced programming languages and innovative algorithms to ensure efficient operation and support scalable expansion. Simultaneously, high-performance blockchain platforms provide outstanding transaction processing capabilities and cross-chain compatibility, enabling AI agents to seamlessly interact across different chains, driving the continuous optimization and upgrade of the technical foundation.
Payment and transaction infrastructure are key pillars for the AI Agent ecosystem's development. A stablecoin payment system safeguards transaction stability and liquidity, enhancing the interaction efficiency between AI agents and users. Decentralized autonomous trading systems eliminate human intermediaries to achieve more efficient and secure automated trading. In addition, innovative reward and governance mechanisms such as "proof of contribution" and "proof of collaboration" promote AI agent collaboration, resource sharing, and ensure long-term ecosystem health through a sound governance system.
Outlook and Challenges
The necessity of AI Agent tokens is often questioned mainly because they do not directly enhance the agent's functionality or bring significant advantages. Many view AI Agent tokens as similar to tokens in Web3 games, which may not necessarily provide substantial assistance to the project's core functionality. Therefore, some investors may overlook the actual value of these tokens due to blindly following the AI trend, leading to high risks, including potential scams. For these projects, some believe that they attract unsuspecting investors by masking legitimacy, especially compared to meme coins, where the tokens behind them may promise too many unrealized features.
If projects prioritize tokens as the primary driver, it may result in sacrificing core functionality and user experience, especially in non-gambling games and services. Tokens should be complementary elements rather than the predominant factor. Many successful projects have demonstrated that truly effective applications should focus on user experience, creating high-quality products, rather than solely relying on a token's economic incentive mechanism to attract users.
The fusion of AI and DeFi will be a significant future trend, with an estimated 80% of DeFi transactions being completed by AI agents, and proponents like Modenetwork and Gizatech are actively driving this development. Additionally, the role of AI agents in protocol governance will further expand, potentially leading to AI-driven governance attacks. Moreover, security-focused AI agents are expected to play a crucial role in protecting protocols from attacks, similar to the protection features offered by HypernativeLabs and FortaNetwork. As infrastructure continues to expand, the development of Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) and the central role of decentralized computing will enhance the resilience of AI agents. Furthermore, the surge of AI data markets will drive the growth of data payments between AI agents, with projects like Nevermined.io laying the foundation for this.
Disclaimer
This content is for reference only and should not be construed as (i) investment advice or recommendation, (ii) an offer or solicitation to buy, sell, or hold digital assets, or (iii) financial, accounting, legal, or tax advice. We do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of such information. Digital assets (including stablecoins and NFTs) are subject to market fluctuations, involve high risk, may depreciate, or even become worthless. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital assets is suitable for you based on your financial situation and risk tolerance. For your specific circumstances, please consult your legal/tax/investment professional. Not all products are available in all regions. For more details, please refer to the OKX Terms of Service and Risk Disclosure & Disclaimer. The OKX Web3 mobile wallet and its related services are governed by separate terms of service. You are responsible for understanding and complying with local applicable laws and regulations.
This article is contributed content and does not represent the views of BlockBeats
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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating
On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.
On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.
Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.
In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.
Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.
Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.
According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.
This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.
Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.
In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.
According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.
However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.
The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.
On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.
With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.
In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.
Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.
Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.
In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.
Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.
Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.
Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.
In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.
Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.
Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.
Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.
Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.
Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.
With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.
However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.
In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.
The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.
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Key Market Intelligence on May 14th, how much did you miss out on?
1.Binance Alpha Launches HIPPO, BLUE, and Other Tokens
2.Believe Ecosystem Tokens See General Rise, LAUNCHCOIN Surges Over 250% in 24 Hours
3.Tiger Securities Introduces Cryptocurrency Deposit and Withdrawal Service, Supports Mainstream Cryptocurrencies such as BTC and ETH
4.Current Bitcoin Rally Possibly Driven by Institutions, Retail Traders Yet to Join
5.Binance Wallet's New TGE Privasea AI Participation Requires a 198 Point Threshold, with a Point Consumption of 15
Source: Overheard on CT (tg: @overheardonct), Kaito
PUMP: Today's discussions about PUMP focus on its new creator revenue-sharing model: the platform will allocate 50% of PumpSwap revenue to token creators, sparking varied reactions from users. Some criticize the move as insufficient or even misleading, while others view it as a positive step the platform is taking to reward creators. Meanwhile, PUMP faces market pressure from emerging competitors like LetsBONKfun and Raydium, which are rapidly gaining market share. Users also express concerns about PUMP's sustainability and potential regulatory risks in the U.S., with discussions extending to the platform's impact on the entire memecoin ecosystem.
COINBASE: Today, Coinbase became the first crypto company to join the S&P 500 Index, replacing Discover Financial Services, sparking widespread industry attention. The entire crypto community views this milestone as a significant development, signaling that crypto assets are further integrating into the mainstream financial system. The news has sparked lively discussions on Twitter, with many users pointing out that this may attract more institutional investors to enter the Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency markets.
XRP: XRP became the focal point of today's crypto discussion, with its significant market movements and strategic advances drawing attention. XRP has surpassed USDT to become the third-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, sparking market excitement and discussions about its future potential. The surge in market capitalization and price is believed to be related to increasing institutional interest, deepening strategic partnerships, and its role in the crypto ecosystem. Additionally, XRP's integration into multiple financial systems and its potential as a macro asset class are also seen as key factors driving the current market sentiment.
DYDX: Today's discussions about DYDX mainly focused on the dYdX Yapper Leaderboard launched by KaitoAI. The leaderboard aims to identify the most active community participants, with a total of $150,000 in rewards to be distributed over the first three seasons. This initiative has sparked broad community participation, with many users discussing the potential rewards and the incentive effect on the DYDX ecosystem. Meanwhile, progress on the ethDYDX to dYdX native chain migration and historical airdrop events have also been topics of discussion.
1. "What Is 'ICM'? Holding Up the $4 Billion Market Cap Solana's New Narrative"
Overnight, the hottest narrative in the crypto space has become "Internet Capital Markets," with a host of crypto projects and founders, led by the Solana ecosystem's new Launchpad platform Believe, releasing this phrase. Together with "Believe in something," it has become the new slogan heralding the onset of a bull market. What exactly is the so-called "Internet Capital Market," will it become a short-lived hype phrase like the Base ecosystem's previous Content Coin, and what related targets are available for selection?2.《LaunchCoin Surges 20x in One Day, How Did Believe Create a $200M Market Cap Shiba Inu After Going to Zero?|100x Retrospective》
LAUNCHCOIN broke through a $200 million market cap today, with the long-lost liquidity and such a high market cap "Memecoin" almost bringing half of the on-chain crypto community CT into the fray. The community is crazily discussing this token, with half of it being FOMO and the other half being FUD. This token, originally issued by Believe founder Ben Pasternak under his personal identity, transformed into a new platform token after a renaming. From once going to zero to a $200 million market cap, what happened in between?May 14 On-chain Fund Flow
Within 24 hours, GOONC's market cap soared to 70 million, could GOONC be the next billion-dollar dog on the Believe platform?
Bitcoin has broken $100,000, Ethereum has surpassed 2500, and is Solana's hot streak about to make a comeback?
The current market is in a state of macro euphoria, with GOONC riding the wave today, skyrocketing 10x in just a few hours, reaching a market cap of tens of millions of dollars, trading volume soaring past 50 million, and rumors swirling that the developer may be from OpenAI (unconfirmed but intriguing enough).
A ludicrous and absurd Solana meme that some actually buy into.
GOONC is a meme coin that has sprouted from the "gooning" subculture, offering no technological innovation or practical use, its sole function being speculation.
It takes inspiration from an NSFW term "gooning," which refers to a person being deeply immersed in certain content (you know what), eventually entering a nearly religious-like trance.
In Reddit (such as r/GOONED, r/GoonCaves) and some counterculture media outlets (such as MEL Magazine in 2020), "gooning" has gradually transitioned from an adult label to a meme-addicted, digital content and virtual self-indulgence synonym, arguably the epitome of Degen spirit.
GOONC is playing around with this concept, packaging the addictive nature, uselessness, and irony of gooning into a tradable financial product. The project team has made it clear: "We do not solve blockchain problems, we only trade absurdity." Blunt but oddly genuine.
GOONC launched on May 13, 2025, using the meme coin launch platform Believe App's LaunchCoin module on Solana. This tool is highly Degen: zero technical barriers, a few clicks to create a coin, perfect for projects like GOONC that can come up with ideas out of the blue.
The mastermind behind GOONC is also quite something and is the most talked-about, with KOL @basedalexandoor on X platform (alias "Pata van Goon") personally involved. His profile even caught the attention of Marc Andreessen, co-founder of a16z, making onlookers unable to resist speculating if GOONC has a hint of OpenAI lineage.
While this 'OpenAI Endorsement' is currently just community speculation, it is definitely a good card to play to fuel hype. Saying "we are pure speculation" on one hand, while tagging a few "AI + a16z" on the other.
GOONC took off as soon as it launched. After its launch on May 13, 2025, its market capitalization skyrocketed to $22 million within 4 hours, with a trading volume exceeding $25.6 million in 24 hours. According to platform data, the first day of trading saw an astonishing +41,100% surge, soaring from $0.0000001 to $0.02, becoming a "missed-the-boat" situation.
GOONC quickly formed an active trading community post-launch, with a lot of discussion and trading signals appearing on X platform (such as the 292x return signal provided by DeBot). Liquidity pools on exchanges like Raydium and Meteora grew rapidly, supporting high trading volumes and price increases.
The real climax occurred between May 13 and May 14, with the market cap rising to $5.5 million in the morning and directly surpassing $55 million in the afternoon. By the 14th, it briefly approached a $70 million market cap, with the trading volume soaring to $59 million. Some community members even posted screenshots claiming an increase of +85,000%, creating a new myth out of the ruins.
As of 1:30 pm on May 14, the price stabilized around $0.039, with a total market cap and FDV both around $39.6 million, and a 24-hour trading volume of $5.43 million. Active platforms include XT.COM, LBank, Meteora, and others.
Although there was a slight pullback from the peak ($0.07), the coin's popularity remains strong. For a coin that relies purely on "irony + community + X post" to thrive, this performance is already at a stellar level.
Currently, the background of the token's development team is not transparent, increasing the potential risk of a rug pull. Rugcheck.xyz warns that the creator of the GOONC contract may have permission to modify the contract (e.g., change fees or mint additional tokens), posing certain security risks.
Community members speculate that the meteoric rise of GOONC may be the "last hurrah".
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After Surging 40%, Has Ethereum Price Peaked Upon Exiting the Craze?
Whether you are an insider or an outsider, these days you must be familiar with the news about Ethereum. The reason is simple, causing Ethereum enthusiasts to sigh with emotion and almost throwing off-guard those who defend Ethereum, Ethereum, with a "3-day surge of 40%," climbed to the top of the Douyin Hot List.
As we all know, Ethereum launched the Pectra upgrade on May 7th. This most significant network upgrade since early 2024 integrates the Prague execution layer hard fork and the Electra consensus layer upgrade, significantly improving Ethereum's performance through 11 improvement proposals. The account abstraction feature (EIP-7702) allows users to flexibly manage wallets through social media accounts or multi-signature schemes, reducing the user threshold, attracting more users and developers. The staking mechanism optimization increases the validator ETH cap from 32ETH to 2048ETH and introduces a flexible withdrawal method, making it easier for institutions and individuals to participate in network security, enhancing the market's confidence in Ethereum's long-term value.
At the same time, Pectra optimized the interaction efficiency of Layer 2 networks such as Arbitrum and Optimism, making transactions faster and cheaper, leading to a surge in on-chain activity. As a crucial step for Ethereum's transition from "2G" to "5G," the Pectra upgrade not only enhances network vitality but also "recharges confidence" in the market, directly driving the price increase.
Related Reading: "Ethereum Skyrockets 22% in One Day, E Enthusiasts Rejoice"
It's not just Ethereum itself, as Wall Street also brought important bullish news.
The world's largest asset management company, BlackRock, proposed to the SEC allowing Ethereum ETFs for staking. This proposal is expected to elevate Ethereum ETFs from a mere investment tool to a bond-like "interest-bearing asset," bringing investors both capital appreciation and passive income, igniting market optimism about Ethereum's future potential.
Specifically, BlackRock has proposed to amend its S-1 filing to allow investors to create and redeem ETF shares directly with Ethereum instead of the U.S. dollar (i.e., in-kind redemption). This move, combined with its $2.9 billion BUIDL Fund launched in March 2024, aims to deepen the integration of traditional finance with blockchain. The BUIDL Fund is a tokenized fund operating on the Ethereum network, investing in traditional assets such as U.S. Treasury bonds. This setup is highly attractive to institutional investors, as they can not only benefit from Ethereum's price appreciation but also earn stable cash flow through staking.
Robert Mitchnick, BlackRock's Head of Digital Assets, stated in a CNBC interview in March 2025 that the addition of staking functionality will significantly enhance the appeal of the Ethereum ETF. He admitted that when the Ethereum spot ETF was launched in July 2024 without staking functionality, the market demand was lackluster, and staking could be the key to reversing this trend.
Meanwhile, the SEC's shifting stance on cryptocurrency regulation has also fueled this upward trend. During the tenure of the previous SEC chairman, the regulatory approach was tough, and staking was strictly viewed through the Howey test as a potential unregistered security. Therefore, when approving the Ethereum spot ETF in May 2024, staking functionality was explicitly prohibited.
However, with Trump back in the White House and Paul Atkins taking over the SEC, there has been a noticeable relaxation in crypto regulation. Apart from BlackRock, ETF issuers such as Invesco Galaxy, VanEck, WisdomTree, and 21Shares have also submitted applications for similar staking and in-kind redemption.
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If staking ETFs are approved, the benefits are likely to go beyond price appreciation. The introduction of staking functionality could redefine the role of crypto assets, making them more similar to traditional financial products that provide returns and value appreciation, thereby driving Ethereum closer to mainstream finance.
Currently, the SEC still needs to address several decisions related to crypto ETFs, including whether to approve ETFs for Solana, XRP, Litecoin, and even Dogecoin. With the calls for an "altcoin season" growing louder, Ethereum's strong performance may just be the beginning of a larger crypto market frenzy.
In addition, the Trump family-related DeFi project WLFI is also bullish on this wave of rise, with frequent on-chain activities. According to on-chain data analyst @ai_9684xtpa's monitoring, a WLFI-related address is currently borrowing coins to go long on ETH, borrowing 4 million U from Aave to buy 1590 ETH at an average price of $2515 per ETH.
For this epic surge of Ethereum after half a year of silence, the community has indeed gained more confidence and hope, which has also led to a revival of the entire altcoin market. However, amidst the joy, there are also voices of pessimism. Below is a summary conducted by BlockBeats based on community discussions.
The optimists point out that the current market structure is similar to the eve of the bull markets in 2016 and 2020, predicting a life-changing surge in the next 3-6 months, where some altcoins may even achieve astonishing single-day gains of up to 40%.
@liuwei16602825 stated that this surge signifies the return of the bull market as a sure thing. There is no need to worry about a pullback. The driving force behind the surge uses a high-cost isolated operation, fearing a drop more than any retail investor and will definitely do everything to support the price.
Related Reading: "Ethereum Leads the Surge Triggering the 'Altcoin Season' Speculation, How Do Traders View the Future Market?"
The bears mainly believe that this surge is different from the bull market of 2021, as the current market lacks the confidence of large-scale retail investors entering and holding positions for the long term, with funds rotating too quickly.
@market_beggar observed that a Bitfinex E/B whale has started to close positions and believes that if this whale maintains its high-speed position-closing operation for the next few days, it can be inferred that the whale no longer sees the upside potential of ETH, preparing to take profits and exit. The closing time will be a key focus going forward.
@FLS_OTC stated that there are still many uncertainties at the macro level, and the liquidity cannot support a major bull market. At this stage, it is a "last hurrah," not a complete reversal, and will continue to remain in a short position.
@off_thetarget believes that after ETH transitioned from POW to POS, it lost the "gold standard" of mining machine power cost support. The staking economic model led to a breakdown in value anchoring. Additionally, the L2 ecosystem (such as Starknet, zkSync, etc.) suffered from liquidity fragmentation, failing to establish an effective capital inflow mechanism, causing the collapse of the split disc pattern. Furthermore, the ETH community's excessive pursuit of technical narratives divorced from real-world needs resulted in a weak ecosystem growth. Therefore, he believes that ETH's intrinsic value system has crumbled, and the price is bound to plummet to the 800-1200 range, with a decisive short position at 1800.
@Airdrop_Guard, based on the core logic of the "High Probability Trading Strategy," where three sets of underlying logic different trading systems (such as volume depletion, price supply-demand, long/short position funding rate, etc.) simultaneously issue a short signal at the same point (2580), creating a high-probability trading opportunity. He emphasizes that these systems must be based on different algorithms and logics (rather than mere technical indicator overlays). The current ETH trend aligns with the short conditions in multiple independent dimensions of his trading system, hence the decision to short.
Overall, Bitcoin still maintains over 54% market dominance, and institutional funds' continued preference for it may limit the altcoin's upward potential. The market's future direction will depend on multiple factors, such as Bitcoin's price trend, global macroeconomic conditions, and whether funds can effectively rotate from Bitcoin to the altcoin sector.
Although Ethereum's recent leadership in the market has brought about optimistic sentiment, investors still need to remain rational as different sectors of altcoins are likely to show divergence in trends. Whether this round of Ethereum's rise will usher in a true altcoin frenzy may require more time and conducive conditions.
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Binance Sparks "Delist Concept": Can CEX Still Produce the Next ALPACA?
On April 24, Binance announced that it would delist four tokens, including Alpaca Finance ($ALPACA), on May 2, and cease trading of these pairs' perpetual futures contracts at 00:00 on May 1, 2025, Beijing time. Fast forward to the last day of perpetual futures trading delisting, ALPACA surged on the liquidation heat map. Over the past 24 hours, a total of $52.21 million evaporated in ALPACA's contract trading, exceeding the sum of the token's liquidation volume over the past two years.
Historically, when a token is listed on Binance, many traders would buy the news instantly ("Buy the News"). As the Binance listing effect gradually waned, traders found another path, which is to short sell the tokens set to be delisted from Binance ("Sell the News"). This strategy often has a very high success rate. However, as traders followed this path, they encountered the Alpaca on their short-selling journey.
Every thrilling market manipulation game requires careful preparation. Before Binance's official announcement, on April 10, $ALPACA was ranked 7th in the preliminary list of the second batch of "Vote for Delisting" on Binance, causing its price to plummet almost by half. However, in the five days leading up to Binance's official announcement, from April 19 to April 23, trading volume suddenly surged.
The story traces back to the start of Binance's second round of "Vote for Delisting," where ALPACA was included in the delisting candidates list, ranked 7th among 17 projects. After the completion of Binance's delisting vote count, $ALPACA was included in the projects to be delisted. The market did not react significantly, price fluctuations were not substantial, but trading volumes expanded abnormally, suggesting the entry of "manipulative funds" into the community.
On April 24, Binance officially announced the delisting of the $ALPACA spot trading pair on May 2 and the settlement of the futures contracts on April 30. Following the announcement, the spot price of $ALPACA dropped from $0.0329 to $0.029, with a market cap of only about $5 million. However, what followed were two price "rollercoaster" moments; within an hour, the price surged from $0.029 to $0.0857, an increase of about 195%, only to rapidly drop back to $0.04 within 3 hours. Shorts were caught off guard, and the open interest of contracts surged rapidly, initiating the "long and short grinder" mode.
On April 25, Alpaca Finance officially announced that the trading volume in the past 24 hours had exceeded 1 billion tokens. The liquidity provider had suggested a "minting for stability" to be returned to the treasury after a decrease in trading volume. However, as public opinion began to ferment, opposition filled the community. Alpaca Finance deleted the previous tweet and posted a new one at 9 p.m. on the same night, announcing the cancellation of the minting due to community opposition.
On April 26, Binance amended the contract funding rate rules, shortening the maximum rate cap settlement period to hourly and setting it at up to ±2%. Some high-leverage accounts continued to hold short positions against the high rate and were liquidated. Millions of dollars disappeared within a few hours, with $13 million in short positions vanishing on a token with a market cap of less than $30 million.
With the establishment of this short-selling trend, the price skyrocketed nearly 12 times from a low of $0.029 to $0.3477 within 3 days. The contract's open interest surged significantly, especially with a notable increase in short positions, resembling a microcosm of the Wall Street battle of GME's retail investors. However, this time, the retail investors' opponents could continue to mint additional chips.
From April 26 to April 29, these days were relatively calm, with the price fluctuating around $0.2 to $0.34. On April 29, Binance announced another increase in the rate cap to ±4%. Theoretically, such a high rate would severely impact short positions. If the rate remains at -4%, the bears will face a 96% "cost of ruin" after holding a short position for 24 hours. However, miraculously, the price plummeted from $0.27 to $0.067.
On April 30, with the contract delisting and liquidation scheduled in the final 24 hours, the price continued to experience intense fluctuations. ALPACA's attention peaked, with its highest price reaching $1.2 at one point. From a week before the delisting announcement to the eve of the contract delisting, ALPACA's price surged 40 times, creating an independent market for the token delisted by Binance. The total liquidation volume across the network also reached $50 million, with $42 million in "bearish fuel" beneath the price surge.
After the first surge of ALPACA, Heyi, the co-founder of Binance, replied to a netizen asking, "Can the teacher who buys the shell guarantee breakeven?" This has also triggered endless speculation among community members.
KOL Tunbtc believes that Heyi's reply to this matter was the starting point of ALPACA's surge. "The large holders of Alpaca's native token, by transferring spot chips, operating rights, and distribution rights, have pledged allegiance to Binance's deep-water core interest circle, allowing it to fully harvest market liquidity before delisting, slaughtering opposing positions." Through a triple path of fees, contract liquidations, and spot volatility, they converted user attention into profits.
He also called on Binance to thoroughly investigate this matter, clarify which market maker is manipulating the candlestick patterns, as ALPACA saw an 18x surge within 24 hours with users liquidated of tens of millions of dollars, while previously GPS's 500% surge was promptly halted, and expressed his sentiment: "All of this is thought-provoking."
Wenze, the founder of Beta Capital, believes that bypassing the regular listing process, buying shells, renaming, and restarting has crossed Binance's bottom line of maintaining listing credibility and brand compliance. Binance sometimes has a high tolerance for market fluctuations, and the OM issuance only adjusts the collateralization ratio, with many projects only allowed for leveraged trading. However, once the project, such as these "shell projects," is identified, it is easily labeled for observation, triggering a vote for delisting, ultimately leading to delisting rather than using mild measures.
Renowned KOL Rui, "YeruiZhang," likened the ALPACA incident to "crazy revenge on an ex" and shared a piece of insider information, claiming that the original whale behind ALPACA was a team that controlled BSC's MEV for a period of time and expressed dissatisfaction with Binance's current management for some reason. The comments section is rampant with speculation that it is BSC's whale 48CLUB, and 48CLUB's Ian even personally appeared to eat "his own melon."
With the recent buzz around VOXEL's surge and the wealth effect and discussion surrounding ALPACA, more and more "delisting concepts" have emerged. This concept does not necessarily refer to tokens that have already been delisted but rather shares some common characteristics of delisted tokens.
Famous KOL Chuanmo recently shared on Twitter his logic for choosing concept tokens and listed several tokens, all of which experienced varying degrees of price increase after his recommendation.
His "Concept Delisting" strategy involves selecting low-cap tokens from Bybit and Binance, arranging them by market cap from lowest to highest, with almost 100% price increase for the tokens with the highest holdings/circulating market cap. He buys three tokens daily following this order with a fixed amount, and based on the holdings/circulating supply ratio, he removes tokens that no longer meet the criteria daily and continues to buy the new top three tokens.
Many community members have tested this strategy, with some creating helpful tools. The dreamer Disney "discountifu" has created a dashboard, and Vivek10 early bird "vivekw_eth" has developed a monitoring and alert system that can be directly pushed to WeChat with a copyable link, although it is currently deployed locally and not yet entirely stable.
However, when using tools created for free by community members, please be cautious. While there are many enthusiastic contributors in the community, there are also many uncertain factors in this dark forest.
In an increasingly insular market, retail investors not only have to contend with whales and other retail investors but also must bear many unstable elements. The recent ALPACA incident serves as a warning to us. Whether it's a primary or secondary listing on a top-tier exchange or the "Concept Delisting" approach, we need to make rational asset allocations amidst FOMO to protect our principal and reach the other shore.
The mention of all tokens above does not constitute financial investment advice "NFA".
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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating
On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.
On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.
Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.
In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.
Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.
Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.
According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.
This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.
Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.
In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.
According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.
However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.
The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.
On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.
With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.
In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.
Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.
Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.
In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.
Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.
Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.
Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.
In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.
Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.
Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.
Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.
Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.
Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.
With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.
However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.
In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.
The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.
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