The pièce de résistance of the Sonic ecosystem, what is AC's FlyingTulip?

By: blockbeats|2025/03/11 09:30:02
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Just yesterday, Sonic's founder Andre Cronje updated his social media profile to include his identity as the founder of FlyingTulip. Following his strong promotion of Shadow's (3,3) micro-innovation, this move sparked a discussion on Sonic. In the current stage of the market transition from bull to bear, the market is eagerly seeking incremental changes and new narratives. What does the once glorious DeFi figure AC have prepared, and what will this bring to Sonic? Before the official launch of FlyingTulip, BlockBeats will provide a preliminary analysis based on the existing information.

The pièce de résistance of the Sonic ecosystem, what is AC's FlyingTulip?

Although the product has not yet officially launched, according to the official website, FlyingTulip will be an all-in-one DeFi integration platform, including trading, liquidity pools, lending, and other functions. It can consolidate spot, leverage, and perpetual trading into a single AMM protocol, eliminating the need to use different protocols and addressing liquidity fragmentation. The official claim is that this product can bring compared to other DEX protocols: a 42% reduction in impermanent loss, a 9x increase in LP returns, and an 85% improvement in capital efficiency.

As for traders, LP pool providers, and institutional traders, the official website lists several points and compares them with the top-tier features of CEX and DEX available on the market. For regular traders, it can provide lower trading fees, better liquidity quotes, and higher leverage (claiming up to 1000X). For liquidity providers, the multipurpose nature of their liquidity allows them to earn trading fees, lending fees, and options fees simultaneously. For institutional traders, the product adopts a hybrid compliance approach, fully integrating compliance tools including OFAC screening, tax reporting, and wallet reporting, and reduces the cost of credit through the use of a "non-custodial wallet."

Two Innovative Technologies

Adaptive Curve AMM

Typically, an AMM pool, such as Uniswap V2, follows the constant product formula "X*Y=k," resulting in liquidity being evenly distributed across all price points. However, most trades occur within a smaller price range. The concentrated liquidity range introduced in V3 requires more specialized knowledge, and liquidity providers suffer impermanent loss when prices experience significant fluctuations, making it unfriendly to newcomers.

On the other hand, FlyingTulip's innovative Dynamic AMM adjusts the curve shape automatically based on market volatility. In a low-volatility market, the curve resembles the "constant sum curve" where X+Y=K, while in a high-volatility market, the curve approaches the "constant product curve" X*Y=K. The system continuously monitors the real-time asset volatility (rVOL) and implied volatility (IV) through oracles. During low volatility, liquidity automatically concentrates near the current price (similar to LPs manually concentrating liquidity in Uniswap V3). When volatility is high, liquidity disperses to cope with significant price swings.

This makes FlyingTulip a platform that allows newcomers to participate in LP pools without the need for complex range setting strategies. They simply need to provide liquidity and the platform will automatically customize the range based on market fluctuations. This way, users can achieve optimal returns while reducing impermanent loss, following a "Grandma-friendly DeFi" approach.

AMM-Based LTV Model

Building on the concept of adaptive AMM, FlyingTulip has also introduced a new LTV (Loan-to-Value) lending model.

LTV refers to the maximum amount of another token that can be borrowed after collateralizing a token. In traditional DeFi platforms, the risk level of a token is typically used to determine the borrowing limit. For example, if a token is deemed to have a medium risk level, users can only borrow up to 70% of its collateral value. This fixed ratio overlooks two crucial factors: "market depth" and "real-time volatility." Excessive borrowing can significantly impact token prices due to market depth, while high market uncertainty can lead to substantial liquidation risks.

Flying Tulip has devised a mathematical model to dynamically adjust the LTV based on real-time conditions, considering both market depth and real-time volatility. For instance, if you collateralize 1 ETH valued at $2000, various scenarios can occur on Flying Tulip. During stable market conditions, you may be able to borrow $1600 (80% LTV), but during high market volatility, the borrowing limit may decrease to $1000 (50% LTV). If your collateral-to-market depth ratio is high, you might only be able to borrow $900 (45% LTV).

The benefit of this approach is that you can borrow more funds when the market is stable and automatically reduce your borrowing amount during periods of high risk. This eliminates the need for users to constantly monitor market fluctuations and adjust their positions, reducing the possibility of cascading events like whale liquidations and price crashes.

The Next Generation of DeFi?

Amid frequent black swan events in CEXs, there is a growing emphasis on fund security and a distaste for the problems associated with opaque market practices, such as "offlining," "front-running," "unexpected liquidations," and "high transaction fees." As a result, the advantages of CeFi are diminishing, coupled with the ongoing upgrades to DeFi infrastructure. Platforms like Hyperliquid, an aggregated DEX/ecosystem, are gaining market recognition.

Meanwhile, the FlyingTulip team directly states that the "next-generation DeFi" is on the horizon. Featuring on-chain transparent execution, gasless transactions, an ultra-low transaction fee of "below 0.02%," an abstract wallet with zero learning curve, no KYC requirements, an adaptive curve AMM, improved loan-to-value ratio, and LP rewards, FlyingTulip significantly lowers the user entry barrier. Leveraging SonicLabs' ultra-high TPS, newcomers can experience a DeFi environment with almost the same ease of use as a CeFi platform, allowing Web2 users to access the on-chain liquidity and generate returns directly through a simple and intuitive DeFi interface, bypassing centralized exchanges.

Furthermore, through innovative price and fee adjustments, FlyingTulip may redefine the balance between liquidity and stability. Additionally, integrating compliance tools such as OFAC screening into the decentralized ecosystem aims to ensure that future DeFi developments can coexist with regulatory frameworks without compromising the core tenets of DeFi.

However, two core issues will determine FlyingTulip's success. Firstly, the stability and reliability of the oracle will be crucial in determining whether the product can outperform its competitors at a product level. Models based on AMM and LTV will be impacted by factors such as realized volatility "rVOL," implied volatility "IV," time-weighted average price "TWAP," and risk-weighted average price "RWAP," all of which directly affect yield and product stability.

Secondly, Andre Cronje's ability to continuously create wealth effects on Sonic, driving ecosystem "forking" to achieve critical mass and trigger a flywheel effect, will be key to bridging the gap between Web2 and Web3 through FlyingTulip. A definitive conclusion cannot be drawn until the product is launched, and BlockBeats will continue to track these developments.

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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