The Truth About Liquidity: 2024 Exchange Listing Effect Research Report
Original Title: "The Truth About Liquidity: A Study on the Listing Effect of 2024 Trading Platforms"
Original Source: Klein Labs
1. Research Introduction
1.1 Research Background
Throughout this year, there has been widespread discussion in the market regarding VC tokens with high Fully Diluted Valuation (FDV) but low Market Capitalization (MC). With the tokens newly issued in 2024, the MC/FDV ratio has dropped to the lowest level in the past three years, indicating a significant amount of tokens will be unlocked and enter the market in the future. Despite the initially low circulation, the market may experience a price surge in the short term due to increased demand; however, this surge lacks sustainability. Once a large number of tokens unlock and enter the market, the risk of oversupply intensifies, and investors start to worry that this market structure may not be able to sustain price growth in the long term.
As a result, many investors have shifted their focus from these VC tokens to Meme coins. Meme coins are characterized by the majority of tokens being fully unlocked at TGE, with a higher circulation rate and no selling pressure from future unlocks. This structure reduces supply pressure in the market, giving investors more confidence. Many Meme coins have an MC/FDV ratio close to 1 at issuance, meaning holders will not face dilution due to further token issuance, providing a relatively stable market environment. As awareness of the risk of large-scale token unlocks deepens, investors have gradually turned their attention to these high-circulation, low-inflation Meme coins, even though these tokens may lack practical use cases.
In the current market landscape, investors are required to be more cautious in selecting tokens. However, when choosing tokens, investors often struggle to independently evaluate the value and potential of each project. At this point, the screening mechanism of trading platforms becomes crucial. As the "gatekeepers" who directly introduce token assets to users, centralized exchanges not only help validate the compliance and market potential of tokens but also play a role in filtering high-quality projects. Despite another perspective in the market, which suggests that on-chain transactions will surpass CEX transactions, Klein Labs believes that the market share of centralized exchanges will not be overtaken by on-chain transactions. Factors such as the smoothness of transactions on CEX, centralized custody of assets with accountability, user habits and mindset, the liquidity barrier, and the global regulatory compliance trend make the transaction share on CEX continue to exceed that of on-chain transactions in the long term.
So, the ensuing question is, how do centralized exchanges screen and decide on listings among numerous projects? How has the overall performance been of the tokens that have been listed over the past year? Is there a correlation between the performance of these listed tokens and the chosen trading platforms?
To address these market concerns, this study aims to explore the listing status on major exchanges and analyze its actual impact on token market performance, focusing on changes in trading volume and price volatility after listing to identify the influence of different exchanges on the post-listing market performance of a token.
1.2 Research Method
1.2.1 Research Subject
We categorize exchanges based on their region and target market into three main types:
· Chinese-founded, Global-facing: Binance, Bybit, OKX, Bitget, KuCoin, Gate, etc. These are well-known exchanges founded by Chinese individuals and targeting the global market. There are numerous Chinese exchanges, and for research purposes, exchanges with different development characteristics have been selected. Exchanges not selected also have their own advantages.
· Korean-founded, Local-facing: Bithumb, UPbit, etc. These exchanges primarily target the local Korean market.
· U.S.-founded, Europe- and U.S.-facing: Coinbase, Kraken, etc. These U.S.-based exchanges mainly target the European and U.S. markets and are usually subject to strict regulations such as the SEC and CFTC.
Exchanges from other regions such as Latin America, India, Africa, etc., have an overall trading volume and liquidity of less than 5% and are therefore not deeply analyzed in this research report.
We have selected a total of 10 representative exchanges from the above categories to analyze their listing performance, including the number of listing events and their subsequent market impacts.
1.2.2 Timeframe
We mainly focus on the price changes on the 1st day, 7th day, and 30th day after the token generation event (TGE) to analyze the trends, volatility patterns, and market reactions for the following reasons:
· On the TGE's first day, a new asset is issued, and trading volume is highly active, reflecting the market's immediate acceptance. Influenced significantly by rush fundraising and FOMO sentiment, it is a critical stage for the initial market pricing.
· Price changes in the first 7 days after TGE can capture the market's short-term sentiment toward the new token, as well as the initial recognition of the project's fundamentals, measuring the sustainability of market enthusiasm and returning to a project's reasonably initial pricing.
· First 30 Days After TGE observe the long-term support of the token, with short-term hype cooling down and speculators gradually exiting. Whether the token price and trading volume are maintained becomes an important reference for market acceptance.
1.2.3 Data Processing
This study adopts a systematic data processing method to ensure the scientific analysis. Compared to common research methods in the market, this study is more intuitive, concise, and efficient.
In this research report, the data mainly comes from TradingView, covering price data of tokens newly listed on major exchanges in 2024, including the initial listing price, market price at different time points, and trading volume data. Due to the large number of sample points, this large-scale data analysis helps reduce the impact of individual abnormal data on the overall trend, thereby improving the reliability of the statistical results.
(I)Multivariable Overview of Listing Activity
This study adopts a multivariable analysis method, comprehensively considering factors such as market trends, trading depth, and liquidity to ensure the completeness and scientific nature of the results. We compared the average price changes of different coins newly listed on exchanges and conducted in-depth analysis combined with exchange market positioning (such as user base, liquidity, listing strategy).
(II)Mean Value Judgment of Overall Performance
To measure the token's market performance, we calculated its percentage change relative to the initial listing price, with the following formula:

Considering that extreme situations in the market may affect the overall data trend, we excluded the top 10% and bottom 10% of extreme outliers to reduce the interference of incidental market events (such as sudden positive news, market manipulation, liquidity anomalies) on statistical results. This processing method makes the calculation results more representative, accurately reflecting the true market performance of new coins on different exchanges. Subsequently, we calculated the average price changes of new coins on each exchange to measure the overall performance of new coins on different platforms.
(III)Coefficient of Variation for Stability Assessment
The coefficient of variation (CV) is an indicator that measures the relative variability of data, calculated by the following formula:

Where σ is the standard deviation and μ is the mean. The coefficient of variation is a dimensionless indicator that is not affected by data units, making it suitable for comparing the volatility of different datasets. In market analysis, CV is mainly used to measure the relative volatility of prices or returns. In a trading platform or token price analysis, CV can reflect the relative stability of different markets, providing investors with a basis for risk assessment. The coefficient of variation is used here instead of the standard deviation because it is more applicable than the standard deviation.
2. Listing Event Overview
2.1 Comparison Among Trading Platforms
2.1.1 Listing Quantity and FDV Preference
2024 Listing Event Overview
We found that overall, the top-tier trading platforms (such as Binance, UPbit, Coinbase) generally have fewer listing events compared to other trading platforms. This reflects the influence of the exchanges' different positions on the listing style.
In terms of listing quantity, exchanges like Binance, OKX, UPbit, and Coinbase have stricter listing rules, resulting in fewer listings but on a larger scale. On the other hand, platforms like Gate list new assets more frequently, providing more trading opportunities. The data shows that there is a negative correlation between the listing quantity and FDV, meaning that exchanges listing more high FDV projects tend to have fewer listings.
CEXs adopt different strategies to determine the listing priority, with a focus on different levels of fully diluted valuation (FDV). Here, we categorize projects based on their FDV to better understand the listing standards of trading platforms. When evaluating tokens, we often consider Market Cap (MC) and FDV, which jointly reflect the token's valuation, market size, and liquidity.
· MC only calculates the total value of the currently circulating tokens, without considering future unlocked tokens, which may underestimate the true valuation of the project, especially when most tokens are still locked up, leading to potential misinterpretation.
· FDV, on the other hand, is based on the calculation of the total token supply, providing a more comprehensive reflection of the project's potential valuation, helping investors assess future selling pressure risks and long-term value. For projects with low MC/FDV, the short-term significance of FDV is limited, and it serves more as a long-term reference.
Therefore, when analyzing newly listed tokens, FDV is more informative than Market Cap. Here, we choose FDV as the standard.
In addition, in terms of the attitude towards initial projects, most trading platforms usually adopt a balanced strategy, considering both initial and non-initial projects. However, the requirements for non-initial projects are usually higher because initial projects bring in more new users. Furthermore, two Korean exchanges, UPbit and Bithumb, mainly focus on listing non-initial projects. This is because compared to initial projects, listing non-initial projects can reduce screening risks, avoid market fluctuations during the initial stage, and mitigate the issue of insufficient early-stage liquidity. Additionally, for project teams, listing non-initially rather than conducting an initial listing can reduce the pressure of market promotion and liquidity management. Listing non-initially can leverage existing market recognition to drive growth.
2.1.2 Track Preference
Binance
In 2024, Meme coins still account for the largest proportion. Infrastructure and DeFi projects have a significant share. The RWA and DePIN tracks have relatively fewer listings on Binance, but they have performed well overall. The USUAL spot had the highest surge of up to 7081%. Although Binance is cautious in its listing choices in these areas, once listed, the market response is usually positive. In the second half of the year, Binance's listing preference in the AI track noticeably tilted towards AI Agent tokens, which had the highest share among AI projects.
In 2024, Binance prefers projects related to the BNB ecosystem. For example, the listing of projects like BANANA and CGPT indicates Binance's strengthening support for its own on-chain ecosystem.
OKX
Looking at the number of listings on OKX, Meme coins also have the highest count, accounting for about 25%. However, compared to other trading platforms, there are more listings in the public chain and infrastructure tracks, with a combined share of up to 34%. This indicates that OKX in 2024 is more focused on underlying technological innovation, scalability optimization, and the sustainable development of the blockchain ecosystem.
In the emerging tracks, OKX has only listed 4 AI tokens, including DMAIL and GPT, launched 3 new tokens in the RWA track, and only 3 in the DePIN track. This reflects OKX's cautious layout in relatively emerging tracks.
UPbit
The main feature of UPbit's 2024 listings is the extensive track coverage and generally good token performance. In 2024, UNI and BNT were listed in the DEX track at UPbit. This indicates that UPbit still has significant potential and room for development in listing popular assets, with many mainstream or high market value tokens yet to be listed, and may further expand support in the future. At the same time, this also reflects UPbit's strict listing review process, leaning towards cautiously selecting assets with long-term potential.
On UPbit, the tokens in each track have shown significant price increases. Tokens from tracks such as PEPE (Meme), AGLD (Game), DRIFT (DeFi), SAFE (Infra), experienced notable price surges in the short term, with gains reaching as high as 100% and even exceeding 150%. UNI saw a remarkable 93.5% price increase on its 30th day of listing compared to the first day. This reflects the high level of approval from Korean users towards projects listed on UPbit.
Furthermore, from a public blockchain ecosystem perspective, ecosystems like Solana and TON have been favored.
We have also observed that exchanges are gradually deepening their support for their own blockchain ecosystems. For example, Binance-affiliated BSC and opBNB chains have been continuously strengthening their support for their on-chain ecosystem. Similarly, Coinbase's introduced Base has become a key focus, with Base projects accounting for nearly 40% of all new listings in 2024. Additionally, OKX continues to make efforts in the X Layer ecosystem layout. Moreover, the planned launch of Kraken's L2 network, Ink further indicates that top exchanges are actively advancing on-chain infrastructure development.
Behind this trend is the exploration of exchanges transitioning from "off-chain" to "on-chain," expanding their business scope, and strengthening their competitiveness in the DeFi sector. By supporting projects on their own chain, exchanges can not only drive ecosystem development but also enhance user stickiness and earn higher returns in the issuance and trading of new assets. This also implies that in the future, exchanges' listing strategies will increasingly favor projects within their own ecosystem to enhance the activity and market influence of their blockchain networks.
2.2 Time Dimension Analysis

Number of listings per month on different exchanges
· The trend of listing events correlates with the price fluctuations of BTC. During BTC's price increases (February to March and August to December), there were more listing events, whereas during periods of BTC consolidation or decline (April to July), the number of listing events notably decreased.
· The listing activities of top-tier exchanges (Binance, UPbit) were less affected during the bear market, with their listing share actually expanding during this period, demonstrating stronger market leadership and countercyclical capabilities.
· Bitget's listing quantity remained relatively stable, with less impact from market fluctuations, while the listing pace of other exchanges showed greater volatility. This may be related to its more balanced listing strategy.
· Gate and KuCoin had a higher listing frequency, but the listing quantity fluctuated more with market conditions, indicating that these exchanges may rely more on the higher liquidity of new projects during bull markets to attract users.
3. Trading Volume Analysis
3.1 Overall Situation of Trading Volume on Different Exchanges

Average trading volume of projects on each exchange 24 hours after TGE in 2024

Average trading volume of projects on each exchange 30 days after TGE in 2024
· UPbit had a very high proportion of trading volume within 24 hours of listing, even surpassing half of Binance's volume, showing its strong short-term market appeal and significant liquidity influx. Although the proportion slightly decreased after 30 days, it still maintains a high market share, with a proportion even close to the sum of OKX, Coinbase, and Bybit, the top three exchanges, indicating UPbit's crucial position in the listing market.
· Binance and OKX experienced steady growth in trading volume, maintaining a leading market share after 30 days, demonstrating strong market recognition and liquidity depth. Binance held a 47% share within 24 hours, which increased to 53% after 30 days, indicating its long-term market leadership. OKX also maintained a high share after 30 days.
· Bybit performed well in both short-term and long-term trading volume, remaining relatively stable. Meanwhile, Bithumb's market share slightly increased after 30 days, indicating that it not only retained early trading volume but also attracted more liquidity. This suggests that Bithumb's competitiveness in the listing market has strengthened.
Although Korean exchanges are known for favoring non-initial projects, as the above data shows, these projects are still able to generate very strong trading volumes. The ability of non-initial projects on Korean exchanges to generate such significant trading volume is primarily due to the unique market environment:
Closed Nature of the Korean Trading Market and Liquidity Concentration
· Market Closure: Due to the strict local KYC policies in Korea, overseas users are basically unable to directly use Korean exchanges, leading to a relatively closed trading ecosystem in the Korean market; a large number of local users prefer to trade on Korean exchanges. Therefore, liquidity within the Korean market is more concentrated.
· Exchange Platform Monopoly: The Korean crypto market exhibits a highly monopolistic structure, with UPbit currently holding 70%-80% of the Korean crypto market share, firmly positioned as the industry leader. After UPbit established its leading position in 2021, Bithumb's previous first-place position was replaced, with its market share falling to 15%-20%. Korean trading volume and liquidity converge towards the top platforms, demonstrating a strong fund aggregation effect.
Therefore, even if a token has already been listed globally, its trading situation in the Korean market may still exhibit a similar effect to an "initial listing," driving significant market attention and capital inflow.
High Holding Rate and Capital Advantage of the Korean Crypto Market
· High Penetration of Crypto Assets: Korean investors have a very high proportion of crypto asset holdings, far exceeding other major markets. As of November 2024, the number of people holding crypto assets on Korean exchanges exceeded 15.59 million, equivalent to over 30% of the total Korean population. Many Koreans hold a large amount of crypto assets themselves and tend to lean towards digital assets in their investment choices. Despite accounting for only 0.6% of the global population, Korea contributes to 30% of global cryptocurrency trading volume.
· Sufficient Social Capital: In addition, as Korea is a high GDP developed country, overall social capital is relatively abundant, with a large amount of investable funds, providing ample liquidity to the crypto market.
· Limited Space for Young People in Traditional Industries: Korea is a capitalist country dominated by chaebols, and young people face significant employment and life pressures, with intensified class rigidity increasing the desire for wealth appreciation channels. Approximately 3.08 million young people aged 20-39 are involved in cryptocurrency trading, accounting for 23% of the total population in that age group.
As of November 2024, the total amount of cryptocurrency held by the South Korean population has increased to 102.6 trillion South Korean won (approximately 697.68 billion US dollars), and the daily average transaction amount has also risen to 14.9 trillion South Korean won (approximately 101.32 billion US dollars). UPbit became the fastest-growing CEX in terms of trading volume in the fourth quarter of 2024, increasing from 135.5 billion US dollars to 561.9 billion US dollars, a quarter-on-quarter growth of 314.8%. This growth reflects the strong demand for crypto assets in the Korean market and further confirms the high trading volume trend of Korean exchanges in non-IPO projects.
4. Price Performance Analysis
4.1 Price Performance by Exchange Comparison
4.1.1 Overall Price Performance on Different Exchanges
Comparison of the mean and median of the trading volume price after TGE for 7 days on various exchanges
· Binance performed the best, with both the mean and median being outstanding. The top three in terms of mean price ranking are Binance, OKX, Bitget. While OKX has a positive mean, the median is negative, indicating significant price volatility for rising tokens, with sharp short-term price fluctuations and noticeable outliers. Bitget's performance is relatively prominent, being closest to the two leading exchanges among other trading platforms. Additionally, its median price increase ranks second among all exchanges, closely following Binance, and shows a relatively high positive value, indicating a strong, upward price trend for tokens on Bitget.
· Among mid-sized exchanges, Bithumb, Gate, KuCoin showed better performance. Among them, Bithumb is relatively balanced in price performance, with the smallest difference between absolute value and median, indicating lower price volatility and stable performance. However, KuCoin and Gate have negative medians with relatively high absolute values, suggesting lower token win rates and the possibility of many upward outliers causing interference.
Comparison of the mean and median of the trading volume price after TGE for 30 days on various exchanges
· By the 30th day, overall, the median prices have dropped, indicating that after 30 days, especially for tokens with poor liquidity, some speculative funds have withdrawn significantly from the market, increasing selling pressure and insufficient buying support, leading to price declines. Gate may have experienced significant market volatility due to a large number of listings, resulting in inadequate liquidity. This indicates that the platform has not attracted enough stable inflows of capital, and the excessive token selection has dispersed liquidity, disrupting the balance between buyers and sellers, resulting in a significant price drop.
· Binance has been minimally affected, with a slight decrease in the mean value, indicating that its listed tokens still maintain strong market support and stable trading volume 30 days later, with some tokens still having room for growth. As a top-tier exchange platform, Binance, with its significant market liquidity and wide user base, can sustain relatively high token prices even when the overall new coin market is bearish 30 days later.
· Among medium-sized exchange platforms, Bithumb is the only platform that saw an increase after 30 days, with positive 7-day and median gains. This suggests that Bithumb, leveraging good market liquidity and stability, successfully attracted funds, demonstrating strong resilience to downturns and market appeal. This may be due to Bithumb's lower listing volume, allowing it to concentrate liquidity, maintain strong market activity, and enable newly listed tokens to perform better in terms of price.
4.1.2 Monthly Price Performance of Tokens Listed on Each Exchange

Price changes for each exchange one week after Token Generation Event (TGE) and each month thereafter

Price changes for each exchange 30 days after Token Generation Event (TGE) and each month thereafter
· Binance and UPbit exhibit significant price advantages, greatly influenced by market sentiment. The listing of tokens on Binance and UPbit performs exceptionally well during positive market trends, such as in May and September when Binance saw 30-day gains of 87.8% and 94.9%, respectively, and UPbit had a 60.5% increase in September, demonstrating strong price advantages but with high volatility. They experienced significant drops in April and July, showing the significant impact of market sentiment.
· The overall market trend significantly affects token performance, with listings on top-tier exchanges experiencing larger gains during bull markets, while medium-sized exchanges are more prone to significant drops during market downturns. For instance, Bybit and OKX saw 30-day decreases of -40.6% and -36.6% in July, respectively, and Kraken and KuCoin also had weaker overall performances after 7 days, especially with Kraken experiencing -23.5% and -27.9% drops in January and March, respectively.
4.2 Price Volatility Fluctuation
In the previous section, we used the mean to reflect the overall price volatility level. Next, we will use the coefficient of variation to represent the fluctuation of the sample data around the average price volatility. If the coefficient of variation is small, it indicates that the data distribution is relatively concentrated, and the price volatility of most tokens is close to the average level, showing a more stable market performance with higher predictability of price fluctuations after listing on the trading platform; otherwise, the price trend after listing is more uncertain;
Next, we will analyze the prices for 1 day and 30 days, respectively:

Coefficient of Variation on the 1st Day after TGE
· Binance has the lowest coefficient of variation, indicating that the price volatility of the tokens listed on its platform on the first day is relatively small, showing the most stable market performance. UPbit has the highest coefficient of variation, showing a larger fluctuation on the first day. However, combined with the previous analysis of the mean, it is estimated that its overall market is likely to have a general upward trend.
· Medium-sized trading platforms (along the axis from left to right) show a linear increasing trend in the coefficient of variation. From Bitget with the lowest coefficient of variation to Gate with the highest, indicating that the market performance of these platforms from listing is gradually moving towards higher uncertainty, shifting from relatively stable short-term investment risk to gradual elevation.
· Bybit has a relatively low coefficient of variation, closest to Binance, indicating that its market volatility is also relatively manageable. However, considering Bybit has listed more projects while still maintaining a low coefficient of variation, it indicates that the overall quality of the projects listed is high, with no large-scale highly volatile assets. Additionally, this also reflects that Bybit's listing selection strategy may lean towards tokens with strong stability, thereby reducing sharp market fluctuations in the short term.
Coefficient of Variation on the 30th Day after TGE
· Looking at the Day 30 coefficient of variation, UPbit still maintains a high coefficient of variation after 7 days and 30 days, indicating significant price fluctuations for its trading pairs with high market liquidity. When observing the mean, UPbit's trading pairs have a positive average value, and the price decline is relatively slow, indicating active buy and sell orders in the market, sufficient liquidity depth, and overall market health. From the perspective of the coefficient of variation, UPbit has a significant advantage over other trading platforms at this point.
· Binance and Coinbase continue to be relatively stable trading platforms, with Binance showing a more stable price increase throughout the entire period, while Coinbase's fluctuations tend to stabilize between 7 and 30 days, indicating that its token market is more inclined towards long-term stable development rather than short-term intense volatility.
· Mid-sized exchanges (such as Bitget, Bithumb, Gate, KuCoin) experienced a significant increase in the coefficient of variation on the 30th day, indicating that after the short-term arbitrage funds exited, liquidity decreased, leading to intensified price fluctuations. The market is still dominated by short-term funds, with a relatively low proportion of long-term funds, resulting in overall weaker stability. Especially Bitget, which has high activity but also has higher volatility.
5. Key Highlights Summary
5.1 Data Conclusion
Based on the above research and data, we have reached the following conclusions:
5.1.1 Exchange Listing Selection Significantly Affects Listing Performance
In general, exchanges with fewer and more stringent listings tend to have better price performance after removing extreme outliers. However, overall Bitcoin trends, regional market environments, and user characteristics also impact listing performance.
Exchanges with a higher number of listings do tend to show relatively prominent short-term average performance. Still, in the long run, having more listings leads to greater liquidity dispersion, which may result in a larger pullback after 30 days, leading to lower price stability.
5.1.2 Top-tier Exchanges often have a greater price increase advantage compared to mid-sized exchanges in a bullish market
However, when looking at another indicator, the average price increase, the top-tier exchanges have different price performance in terms of 7-day and 30-day increases, but overall positive. Binance shows the best performance across various price metrics. OKX exhibits greater volatility in the medium to long term. Among the top-tier exchanges, UPbit shows the most stable performance, possibly due to its deep liquidity. UPbit can actually achieve a very high price swing on the token's first day of listing. However, since this study records the closing price of the first day, it may not capture these outstanding performances. Among mid-sized exchanges, Bitget and Bithumb show relatively prominent performance. Bitget's performance is stable, while Bithumb shows outstanding performance in some price metrics.
5.1.3 Advantages of the Korean Market and Listing Effect
The Korean market has a unique market environment with high trading volume and good liquidity, allowing tokens to quickly attract funds after being listed. Although there is significant price fluctuation in the initial period, the overall trend is upward. Even after 7 days and 30 days, the price fluctuation remains significant. This indicates that in the Korean market, a listed token will have a longer development cycle and higher level of attention.
5.1.4 Impact of Exchange Selection Process on Token Performance and Market Stability
During data processing, we found that certain exchanges had a significantly higher number of outliers, indicating that the token selection and review process is crucial to post-listing performance. Outliers usually reflect deviations in token prices from expectations, which may be influenced by market manipulation or project risks. Exchanges that frequently experience outliers may have a more lenient screening process, allowing unstable tokens to enter the market and increasing price volatility risk. Therefore, an exchange's token selection process directly affects the token's market performance and overall market stability.
5.2 Exchange Performance
5.2.1 Binance & OKX
Both exchanges have performed well across various metrics, but in the long run, Binance has a greater advantage in terms of stability. Binance exhibits a more stable market performance, maintaining consistent growth with lower volatility. In comparison, while OKX has higher market volatility than Binance, it is nearly on par with Binance across multiple indicators.
5.2.2 Upbit & Bithumb
Upbit and Bithumb are the two leading cryptocurrency exchanges in Korea and have generally outstanding performance. Upbit has consistently ranked high among global exchanges. As one of the earliest exchanges in Korea, Bithumb has shown outstanding performance with some listed tokens. The speculative trading fervor in the Korean market has attracted a significant amount of capital to local exchanges, resulting in high liquidity and trading volume. With deep liquidity and a large number of retail investors in Korea, price changes are not too significant on a medium to long-term scale. However, focusing on short-term intraday trading, Korean exchanges exhibit higher trading volume and price volatility compared to other exchanges at the same level. As this study mainly focuses on price changes 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days after token listing, it may not fully reflect the outstanding performance of Korean exchanges.
It is worth noting that Upbit and Bithumb have a significant "Kimchi Premium" regional advantage. After certain tokens are listed on Korean exchanges, their prices usually experience a short-term increase compared to other global exchanges, giving Upbit and Bithumb an advantage that other exchanges around the world cannot match.
5.2.3 Bybit
As one of the top exchanges, Bybit has strong liquidity depth and extensive listing experience, providing a stable trading environment. Although Bybit experienced a significant hack in early 2025, it demonstrated its crisis response capabilities as a major exchange through timely and effective public relations handling and security measures. In contrast, many small exchanges often lack the capacity to deal with such challenges. Bybit's risk management and public relations strategies were well executed, especially in maintaining sufficient financial resources, swiftly restoring user trust, and continuing to maintain its competitiveness in the market.
5.2.4 Bitget
Bitget has particularly excelled among medium-sized exchanges and has shown rapid development. Bitget is currently in a transition phase towards becoming a top-tier exchange, leaning towards implementing a more rigorous listing mechanism. The platform has listed a large number of new tokens, providing investors with a wider range of choices. Overall, the performance of listed tokens has been good on average, with the positive price movements of the tokens far exceeding those on similar platforms. The preference for high-quality projects on Bitget is gradually becoming apparent, as the platform maintains cautiousness in project selection and achieves more precise quality selection through a two-way incentive mechanism. In general, Bitget's market performance falls between that of top-tier exchanges and medium-sized exchanges, demonstrating good price performance and market recognition. Compared to exchanges at a similar level, token prices on Bitget have shown relatively stable fluctuations, exhibiting a high level of resilience during market volatility to maintain strong market competitiveness and user trust.
5.2.5 Gate
Gate is rapidly rising. With a relatively high proportion of listed tokens and a continuously innovative listing strategy, Gate's performance in 2024 data was quite impressive, with gradually increasing trading volumes and significant token price increases. Gate has successfully attracted numerous emerging projects, significantly boosted its market competitiveness, and continuously expanded its influence in the cryptocurrency market. Gate has excelled in the Meme sector and established an Innovation Zone, providing a dedicated section for newly listed tokens. With keen market insights, it has successfully launched multiple popular tokens, attracting a large number of investors. Its innovative listing strategy and precise project selection have helped the platform rapidly expand its ecosystem, enhance user stickiness, and drive growth in trading volume and liquidity.
5.2.6 KuCoin
In addition to the listing focus of this report, KuCoin has made significant progress in compliance, having reached a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). This outcome has paved the way for KuCoin and its new leadership team's future development. KuCoin is also actively seeking relevant licenses, particularly in Australia and India, while also making strategic moves in Europe, Turkey, and elsewhere. KuCoin has applied for a license compliant with the Market in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR) in Austria through KuCoin EU Exchange GmbH. Additionally, KuCoin is the first global cryptocurrency exchange in India to comply with Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) regulations. By promoting compliance and regional expansion, KuCoin is expected to attract more potential users, boost trading volume and price growth, and create favorable conditions for its ongoing growth.
5.2.7 Coinbase & Kraken
As the largest U.S. exchange with strong liquidity and a deep market, Coinbase has a cautious listing strategy coupled with the relatively strict cryptocurrency regulatory policies in the United States, resulting in a relatively small number of listed assets but also higher security and stability. This indicates that Coinbase has adopted a conservative listing approach for new projects, especially high-risk assets like meme coins. However, in terms of price performance, by pursuing stability and long-term development, Coinbase has also missed out on many upward opportunities. Kraken is known for its security and is subject to stringent regulations, leading to fewer product offerings compared to other exchanges.
References
1. Animoca Brands Research on 2024 Listing Report
https://research.animocabrands.com/post/cm71o17u2t6f107mlc6v09ujq
2. Low Float & High FDV: How Did We Get Here?
https://www.binance.com/en/research/analysis/low-float-and-high-FDV-how-did-we-get-here
2. CoinGecko 2024 Annual Crypto Industry Report
https://www.coingecko.com/research/publications/2024-annual-crypto-report
4. Domestic Coin Exchange Total Investors Exceed 15 Million for the First Time... November Up by 600,000
https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20241224079900002
This article is contributed content and does not represent the views of BlockBeats.
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Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.
In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.
Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.
Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.
According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.
This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.
Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.
In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.
According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.
However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.
The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.
On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.
With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.
In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.
Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.
Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.
In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.
Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.
Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.
Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.
In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.
Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.
Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.
Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.
Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.
Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.
With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.
However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.
In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.
The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.
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1.Binance Alpha Launches HIPPO, BLUE, and Other Tokens
2.Believe Ecosystem Tokens See General Rise, LAUNCHCOIN Surges Over 250% in 24 Hours
3.Tiger Securities Introduces Cryptocurrency Deposit and Withdrawal Service, Supports Mainstream Cryptocurrencies such as BTC and ETH
4.Current Bitcoin Rally Possibly Driven by Institutions, Retail Traders Yet to Join
5.Binance Wallet's New TGE Privasea AI Participation Requires a 198 Point Threshold, with a Point Consumption of 15
Source: Overheard on CT (tg: @overheardonct), Kaito
PUMP: Today's discussions about PUMP focus on its new creator revenue-sharing model: the platform will allocate 50% of PumpSwap revenue to token creators, sparking varied reactions from users. Some criticize the move as insufficient or even misleading, while others view it as a positive step the platform is taking to reward creators. Meanwhile, PUMP faces market pressure from emerging competitors like LetsBONKfun and Raydium, which are rapidly gaining market share. Users also express concerns about PUMP's sustainability and potential regulatory risks in the U.S., with discussions extending to the platform's impact on the entire memecoin ecosystem.
COINBASE: Today, Coinbase became the first crypto company to join the S&P 500 Index, replacing Discover Financial Services, sparking widespread industry attention. The entire crypto community views this milestone as a significant development, signaling that crypto assets are further integrating into the mainstream financial system. The news has sparked lively discussions on Twitter, with many users pointing out that this may attract more institutional investors to enter the Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency markets.
XRP: XRP became the focal point of today's crypto discussion, with its significant market movements and strategic advances drawing attention. XRP has surpassed USDT to become the third-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, sparking market excitement and discussions about its future potential. The surge in market capitalization and price is believed to be related to increasing institutional interest, deepening strategic partnerships, and its role in the crypto ecosystem. Additionally, XRP's integration into multiple financial systems and its potential as a macro asset class are also seen as key factors driving the current market sentiment.
DYDX: Today's discussions about DYDX mainly focused on the dYdX Yapper Leaderboard launched by KaitoAI. The leaderboard aims to identify the most active community participants, with a total of $150,000 in rewards to be distributed over the first three seasons. This initiative has sparked broad community participation, with many users discussing the potential rewards and the incentive effect on the DYDX ecosystem. Meanwhile, progress on the ethDYDX to dYdX native chain migration and historical airdrop events have also been topics of discussion.
1. "What Is 'ICM'? Holding Up the $4 Billion Market Cap Solana's New Narrative"
Overnight, the hottest narrative in the crypto space has become "Internet Capital Markets," with a host of crypto projects and founders, led by the Solana ecosystem's new Launchpad platform Believe, releasing this phrase. Together with "Believe in something," it has become the new slogan heralding the onset of a bull market. What exactly is the so-called "Internet Capital Market," will it become a short-lived hype phrase like the Base ecosystem's previous Content Coin, and what related targets are available for selection?2.《LaunchCoin Surges 20x in One Day, How Did Believe Create a $200M Market Cap Shiba Inu After Going to Zero?|100x Retrospective》
LAUNCHCOIN broke through a $200 million market cap today, with the long-lost liquidity and such a high market cap "Memecoin" almost bringing half of the on-chain crypto community CT into the fray. The community is crazily discussing this token, with half of it being FOMO and the other half being FUD. This token, originally issued by Believe founder Ben Pasternak under his personal identity, transformed into a new platform token after a renaming. From once going to zero to a $200 million market cap, what happened in between?May 14 On-chain Fund Flow
Within 24 hours, GOONC's market cap soared to 70 million, could GOONC be the next billion-dollar dog on the Believe platform?
Bitcoin has broken $100,000, Ethereum has surpassed 2500, and is Solana's hot streak about to make a comeback?
The current market is in a state of macro euphoria, with GOONC riding the wave today, skyrocketing 10x in just a few hours, reaching a market cap of tens of millions of dollars, trading volume soaring past 50 million, and rumors swirling that the developer may be from OpenAI (unconfirmed but intriguing enough).
A ludicrous and absurd Solana meme that some actually buy into.
GOONC is a meme coin that has sprouted from the "gooning" subculture, offering no technological innovation or practical use, its sole function being speculation.
It takes inspiration from an NSFW term "gooning," which refers to a person being deeply immersed in certain content (you know what), eventually entering a nearly religious-like trance.
In Reddit (such as r/GOONED, r/GoonCaves) and some counterculture media outlets (such as MEL Magazine in 2020), "gooning" has gradually transitioned from an adult label to a meme-addicted, digital content and virtual self-indulgence synonym, arguably the epitome of Degen spirit.
GOONC is playing around with this concept, packaging the addictive nature, uselessness, and irony of gooning into a tradable financial product. The project team has made it clear: "We do not solve blockchain problems, we only trade absurdity." Blunt but oddly genuine.
GOONC launched on May 13, 2025, using the meme coin launch platform Believe App's LaunchCoin module on Solana. This tool is highly Degen: zero technical barriers, a few clicks to create a coin, perfect for projects like GOONC that can come up with ideas out of the blue.
The mastermind behind GOONC is also quite something and is the most talked-about, with KOL @basedalexandoor on X platform (alias "Pata van Goon") personally involved. His profile even caught the attention of Marc Andreessen, co-founder of a16z, making onlookers unable to resist speculating if GOONC has a hint of OpenAI lineage.
While this 'OpenAI Endorsement' is currently just community speculation, it is definitely a good card to play to fuel hype. Saying "we are pure speculation" on one hand, while tagging a few "AI + a16z" on the other.
GOONC took off as soon as it launched. After its launch on May 13, 2025, its market capitalization skyrocketed to $22 million within 4 hours, with a trading volume exceeding $25.6 million in 24 hours. According to platform data, the first day of trading saw an astonishing +41,100% surge, soaring from $0.0000001 to $0.02, becoming a "missed-the-boat" situation.
GOONC quickly formed an active trading community post-launch, with a lot of discussion and trading signals appearing on X platform (such as the 292x return signal provided by DeBot). Liquidity pools on exchanges like Raydium and Meteora grew rapidly, supporting high trading volumes and price increases.
The real climax occurred between May 13 and May 14, with the market cap rising to $5.5 million in the morning and directly surpassing $55 million in the afternoon. By the 14th, it briefly approached a $70 million market cap, with the trading volume soaring to $59 million. Some community members even posted screenshots claiming an increase of +85,000%, creating a new myth out of the ruins.
As of 1:30 pm on May 14, the price stabilized around $0.039, with a total market cap and FDV both around $39.6 million, and a 24-hour trading volume of $5.43 million. Active platforms include XT.COM, LBank, Meteora, and others.
Although there was a slight pullback from the peak ($0.07), the coin's popularity remains strong. For a coin that relies purely on "irony + community + X post" to thrive, this performance is already at a stellar level.
Currently, the background of the token's development team is not transparent, increasing the potential risk of a rug pull. Rugcheck.xyz warns that the creator of the GOONC contract may have permission to modify the contract (e.g., change fees or mint additional tokens), posing certain security risks.
Community members speculate that the meteoric rise of GOONC may be the "last hurrah".
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After Surging 40%, Has Ethereum Price Peaked Upon Exiting the Craze?
Whether you are an insider or an outsider, these days you must be familiar with the news about Ethereum. The reason is simple, causing Ethereum enthusiasts to sigh with emotion and almost throwing off-guard those who defend Ethereum, Ethereum, with a "3-day surge of 40%," climbed to the top of the Douyin Hot List.
As we all know, Ethereum launched the Pectra upgrade on May 7th. This most significant network upgrade since early 2024 integrates the Prague execution layer hard fork and the Electra consensus layer upgrade, significantly improving Ethereum's performance through 11 improvement proposals. The account abstraction feature (EIP-7702) allows users to flexibly manage wallets through social media accounts or multi-signature schemes, reducing the user threshold, attracting more users and developers. The staking mechanism optimization increases the validator ETH cap from 32ETH to 2048ETH and introduces a flexible withdrawal method, making it easier for institutions and individuals to participate in network security, enhancing the market's confidence in Ethereum's long-term value.
At the same time, Pectra optimized the interaction efficiency of Layer 2 networks such as Arbitrum and Optimism, making transactions faster and cheaper, leading to a surge in on-chain activity. As a crucial step for Ethereum's transition from "2G" to "5G," the Pectra upgrade not only enhances network vitality but also "recharges confidence" in the market, directly driving the price increase.
Related Reading: "Ethereum Skyrockets 22% in One Day, E Enthusiasts Rejoice"
It's not just Ethereum itself, as Wall Street also brought important bullish news.
The world's largest asset management company, BlackRock, proposed to the SEC allowing Ethereum ETFs for staking. This proposal is expected to elevate Ethereum ETFs from a mere investment tool to a bond-like "interest-bearing asset," bringing investors both capital appreciation and passive income, igniting market optimism about Ethereum's future potential.
Specifically, BlackRock has proposed to amend its S-1 filing to allow investors to create and redeem ETF shares directly with Ethereum instead of the U.S. dollar (i.e., in-kind redemption). This move, combined with its $2.9 billion BUIDL Fund launched in March 2024, aims to deepen the integration of traditional finance with blockchain. The BUIDL Fund is a tokenized fund operating on the Ethereum network, investing in traditional assets such as U.S. Treasury bonds. This setup is highly attractive to institutional investors, as they can not only benefit from Ethereum's price appreciation but also earn stable cash flow through staking.
Robert Mitchnick, BlackRock's Head of Digital Assets, stated in a CNBC interview in March 2025 that the addition of staking functionality will significantly enhance the appeal of the Ethereum ETF. He admitted that when the Ethereum spot ETF was launched in July 2024 without staking functionality, the market demand was lackluster, and staking could be the key to reversing this trend.
Meanwhile, the SEC's shifting stance on cryptocurrency regulation has also fueled this upward trend. During the tenure of the previous SEC chairman, the regulatory approach was tough, and staking was strictly viewed through the Howey test as a potential unregistered security. Therefore, when approving the Ethereum spot ETF in May 2024, staking functionality was explicitly prohibited.
However, with Trump back in the White House and Paul Atkins taking over the SEC, there has been a noticeable relaxation in crypto regulation. Apart from BlackRock, ETF issuers such as Invesco Galaxy, VanEck, WisdomTree, and 21Shares have also submitted applications for similar staking and in-kind redemption.
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If staking ETFs are approved, the benefits are likely to go beyond price appreciation. The introduction of staking functionality could redefine the role of crypto assets, making them more similar to traditional financial products that provide returns and value appreciation, thereby driving Ethereum closer to mainstream finance.
Currently, the SEC still needs to address several decisions related to crypto ETFs, including whether to approve ETFs for Solana, XRP, Litecoin, and even Dogecoin. With the calls for an "altcoin season" growing louder, Ethereum's strong performance may just be the beginning of a larger crypto market frenzy.
In addition, the Trump family-related DeFi project WLFI is also bullish on this wave of rise, with frequent on-chain activities. According to on-chain data analyst @ai_9684xtpa's monitoring, a WLFI-related address is currently borrowing coins to go long on ETH, borrowing 4 million U from Aave to buy 1590 ETH at an average price of $2515 per ETH.
For this epic surge of Ethereum after half a year of silence, the community has indeed gained more confidence and hope, which has also led to a revival of the entire altcoin market. However, amidst the joy, there are also voices of pessimism. Below is a summary conducted by BlockBeats based on community discussions.
The optimists point out that the current market structure is similar to the eve of the bull markets in 2016 and 2020, predicting a life-changing surge in the next 3-6 months, where some altcoins may even achieve astonishing single-day gains of up to 40%.
@liuwei16602825 stated that this surge signifies the return of the bull market as a sure thing. There is no need to worry about a pullback. The driving force behind the surge uses a high-cost isolated operation, fearing a drop more than any retail investor and will definitely do everything to support the price.
Related Reading: "Ethereum Leads the Surge Triggering the 'Altcoin Season' Speculation, How Do Traders View the Future Market?"
The bears mainly believe that this surge is different from the bull market of 2021, as the current market lacks the confidence of large-scale retail investors entering and holding positions for the long term, with funds rotating too quickly.
@market_beggar observed that a Bitfinex E/B whale has started to close positions and believes that if this whale maintains its high-speed position-closing operation for the next few days, it can be inferred that the whale no longer sees the upside potential of ETH, preparing to take profits and exit. The closing time will be a key focus going forward.
@FLS_OTC stated that there are still many uncertainties at the macro level, and the liquidity cannot support a major bull market. At this stage, it is a "last hurrah," not a complete reversal, and will continue to remain in a short position.
@off_thetarget believes that after ETH transitioned from POW to POS, it lost the "gold standard" of mining machine power cost support. The staking economic model led to a breakdown in value anchoring. Additionally, the L2 ecosystem (such as Starknet, zkSync, etc.) suffered from liquidity fragmentation, failing to establish an effective capital inflow mechanism, causing the collapse of the split disc pattern. Furthermore, the ETH community's excessive pursuit of technical narratives divorced from real-world needs resulted in a weak ecosystem growth. Therefore, he believes that ETH's intrinsic value system has crumbled, and the price is bound to plummet to the 800-1200 range, with a decisive short position at 1800.
@Airdrop_Guard, based on the core logic of the "High Probability Trading Strategy," where three sets of underlying logic different trading systems (such as volume depletion, price supply-demand, long/short position funding rate, etc.) simultaneously issue a short signal at the same point (2580), creating a high-probability trading opportunity. He emphasizes that these systems must be based on different algorithms and logics (rather than mere technical indicator overlays). The current ETH trend aligns with the short conditions in multiple independent dimensions of his trading system, hence the decision to short.
Overall, Bitcoin still maintains over 54% market dominance, and institutional funds' continued preference for it may limit the altcoin's upward potential. The market's future direction will depend on multiple factors, such as Bitcoin's price trend, global macroeconomic conditions, and whether funds can effectively rotate from Bitcoin to the altcoin sector.
Although Ethereum's recent leadership in the market has brought about optimistic sentiment, investors still need to remain rational as different sectors of altcoins are likely to show divergence in trends. Whether this round of Ethereum's rise will usher in a true altcoin frenzy may require more time and conducive conditions.
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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating
On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.
On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.
Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.
In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.
Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.
Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.
According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.
This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.
Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.
In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.
According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.
However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.
The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.
On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.
With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.
In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.
Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.
Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.
In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.
Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.
Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.
Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.
In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.
Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.
Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.
Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.
Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.
Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.
With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.
However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.
In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.
The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.
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