What are some of the remaining ambitious projects in the crypto market?

By: blockbeats|2025/01/08 11:00:01
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Original Article Title: Crypto's Waning Ambition
Original Article Author: Ignas | DeFi, Co-founder of @PinkBrains_io DeFi Creator Studio
Original Article Translation: Ashley, BlockBeats

Editor's Note: After experiencing multiple innovation cycles, the crypto industry is now entering a period of prosperity with sustained price increases. However, behind the seemingly bright surface lies a hidden concern—the innovation engine is gradually slowing down, and risk aversion is eroding ambition and adventurous spirit. From DeFi, NFTs to Decentralized Science (DeSci), past radical ideas are gradually being replaced by more prudent business models. This article profoundly analyzes this phenomenon and discusses the opportunities and risks that perhaps the last "bubble-like innovation" may bring. Faced with a maturing industry, can the crypto world regain the fearless ambition of its early days?

The following is the original content (slightly reorganized for better readability):

A Shiny Surface, But Fatigue Within


At first glance, the crypto industry seems to be thriving: after years of rejection, spot ETFs have finally launched, and Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs have attracted record-breaking inflows of funds; Trump's election as president opened the door for the crypto industry to approach mainstream American society, and with increased lobbying efforts, Gensler and other opponents face greater pressure; today, the crypto industry has been recognized as an independent industry, with Bitcoin even being considered a reserve asset by some countries.

On the price front, I remain optimistic about the crypto market, with the main upward momentum coming from external macro factors. However, I believe that the innovation engine within the crypto industry is gradually slowing down.

As the industry matures, innovation naturally slows down, but despite this, prices may continue to rise even in the face of innovation deceleration.

What are some of the remaining ambitious projects in the crypto market?

The Real Issue: The Retreat of Ambition


But I dare say that the slowdown of innovation is not the root cause of the problem but a symptom. The real issue is that our ambition is waning, and the industry's aversion to risk is increasing.

The crypto industry once rose due to its world-changing radical ideas but now seems content with pursuing regulatory approval and institutional adoption.

Don't just take my word for it, see how Vitalik wrote about "Bringing Ethereum Back to Its Cypherpunk Roots" in a 2023 blog post:

“Our purpose is not just to develop isolated tools and games, but to holistically drive towards a freer, more open society and economy, where different parts of technology, society, and the economy interweave with each other.”

Think about it carefully: What innovations have we seen in this cycle?

AI×Crypto is one.

But AI is an external innovation; without it, this cycle might have still been stuck in meme coin hype.

Personally, I'm not a fan of meme coins because their sole true purpose is quick enrichment rather than truly changing the world. The purpose of these projects is merely to make you rich enough to no longer care about external world issues.

Do you remember the common phrase we used in the previous cycle?

“[Project Name] is the most egalitarian thing we've seen, ambitious, and if successful, will truly change the social structure.”

However, in comparison, in the previous cycle, we witnessed various radical innovations:

DeFi

NFTs

DeFi Mining

Play-to-Earn games like Axie Infinity

Metaverse

Between 2020 and 2021, there was a peak in tokenomic innovations, such as:

Rebasing Tokens (Ampleforth)

ve Model Tokenomics

(3,3) Model

Liquidity Mining

Using SNX as collateral for sUSD

Multiple algorithmic stablecoins

Current projects and VC supporters now tend to adopt time-tested simple tokenomic models, leaning towards sustainable operations, as they usually only have one shot at a TGE.

$EIGEN (Subjective Objectivity Token) is a rare exception in the tokenomics space.

The 2017 ICO craze can be seen as the peak of ambition, where various bold ideas attempted to decentralize everything. It was an imaginative bubble, with many ideas being too wild and unattainable, leading to the failure of most projects, with surviving projects having to dilute their visions.

However, these wild concepts have attracted a group of people eager for a completely different world, myself included.

I recently read B. Hobart and T. Huber's book "Boom: Bubbles and the End of Stagnation," where they explain that transformative progress comes from small groups with a unified vision, ample funding, and almost no need for accountability. They believe that despite the negative reputation of financial bubbles, many past breakthroughs have benefited from them, and future progress will also be driven by them.

Although we have not completely bid farewell to the era of 'lack of accountability,' with strengthening regulations, the industry's risk aversion sentiment is increasing, and this may be the last major bubble cycle that can bring about actual innovation. I hope that the AI and crypto-combined bubble will at least spawn one or two killer applications.

Ambitious Projects Still Alive


It's not that there are no ambitious crypto projects at present; here are some worth noting:

Ethena: Fusion of DeFi, CeFi, and TradFi

Chainlink: Bridging on-chain and real-world data for tamper-proof smart contracts

Pudgy Penguins: Expanding from Web3 IP branding to the Web2 space

WorldCoin: Enabling universal on-chain identity via eye scan, with potential AI-backed UBI

Liquity/RAI: The ultimate decentralized stablecoin

Arweave/Filecoin: Permanent storage and anti-censorship

Farcaster/Lens: Redefining social media

Polymarket: Truth source in the era of fake news

Bio Protocol (DeSci): Disrupting scientific research by altering the incentive system

Bitcoin: The revolutionary digital gold

You might think WorldCoin's eye scan is too radical or that Liquity v2 and its stablecoin named $BOLD cannot succeed. However, these are the risks that ambitious protocols are willing to take. They are the most egalitarian things we have seen, ambitious, and if successful, will truly change the social structure.

Ethereum is conspicuously absent from this list. Perhaps I am overly critical of ETH, but Vitalik's cypherpunk vision is hardly felt on Twitter. The upcoming fork will have some very minor updates, at least imperceptible to users. It will abandon sharding and L1 scalability, with the best we've come up with lately being a slight increase in the block gas limit.

Ethereum seems to have outsourced both execution and ambition to L2.
ETH's guiding star is still not visible. I hope to see Ethereum great again, with radical new ideas emerging. However, at the moment, Ethereum seems to have embraced the view that a modular blockchain is not scalable, while Solana has chosen a completely different path, sticking to a single-chain model, although network scalability may eventually prove Ethereum's approach to be correct.

Humanity Needs New Frontiers


The world, especially the West, seems to be stuck.
Wage growth is stagnant, the latest iPhone no longer brings excitement, even music sounds repetitive. We keep seeing the same movies being remade because launching a new movie carries a higher risk than remaking a classic. To some extent, we are even moving backwards. For instance, the travel time from London to New York is longer now due to the retirement of Concorde planes compared to the 1970s.

However, crypto remains one of the fastest-growing and most innovative industries in the world, perhaps only second to AI. But I always feel that our pace of innovation and ambition is declining.

Part of the reason is the inevitable result of industry maturity, but we also seem to be starting to accept many technological limitations.

DeFi and DAOs that are no longer fully decentralized seem to have become an acceptable fact. Instead of truly decentralizing DeFi, we simply renamed it to on-chain finance, and the problem was considered solved. Ethereum's inability to scale at L1 is also fine, and the tokenomics innovation is lacking.

The difference in market capitalization between $LQTY and $ENA shows that we no longer truly need decentralized stablecoins; high yields are more important.

Perhaps, with each passing cycle, our diminishing ambition to push boundaries is followed by the gradual dullness of the crypto industry.

After all, if token prices are rising, why take risks :)

Original Article Link

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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