How did the Web3 Nintendo TreasureDAO end up failing?

By: blockbeats|2025/04/04 02:30:03
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On January 6, 2022, TreasureDAO's official Twitter account made a grand declaration, "The Nintendo of Web3, will be a DAO."

How did the Web3 Nintendo TreasureDAO end up failing?

On April 3, 2025, TreasureDAO released a nearly 15-minute video titled "TreasureDAO's Next Chapter," announcing the full termination of the game publishing stack and game distribution in favor of transitioning to AI.

After waiting for 3 years, they never truly achieved their own "Nintendo". How did TreasureDAO, once thriving, end up in such desolation?

Origin

Treasure was founded in September 2021 by John Patten (@smoldev__) and yyyy (@0xyyyy). It initially appeared as a derivative of the Loot project. Loot NFTs were generated with randomly named weapon equipment, such as the "Dragon's Crown" and "Silver Ring" shown in the image below.

The once unintelligible Loot NFTs made people wonder, "Is this English word made of gold?"

Inspired by Loot, John Patten and yyyy believed that since randomly generating NFTs with weapon equipment names was a brilliant idea, wouldn't it be interesting to randomly generate NFTs with names of common RPG game treasures like "Diamond" and "Jade"? Hence, the following "Treasure Bag" was created.

Soon, they established a staking website where users could stake NFTs including $AGLD, Loot, Treasure, and other projects to receive $MAGIC tokens and Legion NFTs from the Bridgeworld game.

According to a tweet by @arius_xyz published on September 8, 2021, staking a "Treasure Bag" NFT would allow you to receive 3600 $MAGIC within 30 days. The highest historical price of $MAGIC was $6, meaning that staking a "Treasure Bag" NFT at that time for 30 days would turn into $21,600 six months later.

Aligned with Loot's vision at the time, Treasure aimed to build a bottom-up on-chain gaming world. As each of the 8 assets in each "Treasure Bag" was further broken down into NFTs, the number of staking transactions surged, and the congested Ethereum mainnet made the gas fees for these operations unbearable. Considering the poor player experience and the anticipated high volume of transactions once the game was released, Treasure made the decision to migrate to Arbitrum. TreasureDAO was also formally established to drive this grand vision.

At that time, there was no NFT marketplace supporting Arbitrum, as Arbitrum itself was also nascent. Consequently, TreasureDAO's NFT marketplace was also launched. This NFT marketplace later evolved into Trove, and for a considerable period, it stood as the undisputed representative of Arbitrum NFTs.

Brilliance

Back then, the Treasure team's understanding of leveraging NFTs and gamification to create the latest DeFi narrative was cutting-edge. Even now, if you revisit TreasureDAO's Medium, I bet you will marvel at how well they can tell a story. "Liquidity is weather, liquidity is time, liquidity is a measure of spatial scope" — this metaphor will forever remain on my CoinDesk President Mount Rushmore of Quotes.

They not only talk the talk but also walk the walk. The speed at which TreasureDAO was progressing at the time was not only remarkable within the Loot ecosystem but also across the entire crypto space. Within just one month of the project launch, they had completed asset breakdowns, asset animation production, cross-chain asset operations, and notably announced the integration of a new game called "Life." This was the first community-led project within the Treasure ecosystem but not developed by the team. The gaming concept at the time led me to unhesitatingly join the Chinese whitepaper translation work organized by @GavinGPT, who even personally funded rewards for all translators.

Throughout evolution, individuals exhibit new traits and undergo age-related changes. They go to school, fall in love, pursue careers, experience many uniquely personal successes and disappointments, and eventually die.
Life is a long, experiential board game. It was meant to be an emotional experience. NFTs breed like people, not like hamsters. Their lifespans are limited but extraordinary, just like our own.

Co-founder John Patten said when he wanted to create an NFT project called Smol Brains, many people didn't understand and thought it would dilute the value of $MAGIC. However, Smol Brains later became the flagship NFT series on Arbitrum. It was the most successful narrative GameFi series at the time. What struck me the most was when the storyline progressed to the point where the island where the Smol Brains lived was about to sink, the Smol Brains holders had to decide whether to board a rocket to the moon for survival. To build a rocket, Smol Brains had to achieve a certain IQ value through staking. At that time, Smol Brains were already priced out of my range, but I watched closely every day—what would happen to the Smol Brains with insufficient IQ? Would they be destroyed?

Smol Brain was a Free Mint project. At its price peak, holding a Smol Brains from start to finish could earn you $100,000 when converted to $MAGIC. On the other hand, the flagship project of the TreasureDAO ecosystem, Bridgeworld's Legion NFT, had a floor price of 20 ETH at its peak, during the era when ETH had proud diamond hands.

Prior to Treasure, Arbitrum's daily NFT trading volume was less than 1 ETH. Since the launch of the NFT marketplace on November 13, 2021, in just 7 months, it has achieved a trading volume of over $285 million. At the beginning of 2022, Treasure's marketplace was the second-highest-grossing NFT marketplace globally, with just the Bridgeworld and Smol Brains series accounting for 10% of the total OpenSea trading volume.

By the end of February 2022, $MAGIC's price reached a historical high of $6.

Twilight

All good things must come to an end. After reaching a peak of $6, the price of $MAGIC has been on a steady decline. By May 2022, $MAGIC's price had dropped below $1, reaching a low of under $0.3. Although there was a rebound to around $2 in early 2023, $MAGIC has never returned to even half of its previous all-time high since the peak.

Nevertheless, games within the ecosystem have been steadily advancing, with an increasing number of games choosing to join the TreasureDAO ecosystem. The most famous among them is "The Beacon," which surged in popularity towards the end of 2022, marking what I see as the final glory of TreasureDAO.

Due to the long development time and high difficulty of game development, a significant portion of games within the ecosystem ended up abandoned, such as the previously mentioned "Life," and "Battlefly," which was once an NFT selling for a four-digit USD price.

Apart from the market attention sparked by this significant shift in development direction, the last time TreasureDAO was in the spotlight was when Shaw's AI concept gained fame. Shaw was originally a developer within the TreasureDAO ecosystem, responsible for the AI game project "Smol World" under Smol Brains. The vision of Smol World was for each Smol Brains to act as an AI Agent in an on-chain game, where they could steal each other's assets through PvP, all while integrating the game itself with the Eliza framework. Back then, buoyed by this positive development, Smol Brains surged fourfold in value.

Questioning

Such a major strategic development shift announced abruptly in such a weak market environment naturally raised numerous questions.

Chinese community influencer BlueFox, who was once a supporter of TreasureDAO, commented on John Patten's tweet, asking, "Why now? Why not earlier?"

This is also my question. When the AI concept was at its peak hype last year, TreasureDAO did receive market attention. Why did they not pivot at that time and instead wait until now?

In a video, John Patten mentioned, "This transformation is not by choice but out of necessity for survival. Even with financial health, this is the most sensible choice." According to his disclosure, considering expenditure based on the USDC rate and the stablecoins held, the remaining operational funds of TreasureDAO can only sustain operations until July 2025.

Currently, the TreasureDAO treasury holds $2.4 million in stablecoins to support infrastructure and Bridgeworld game development. Additionally, Flowdesk (TreasureDAO's liquidity provider) holds around $1.49 million in assets, with $0.786 million of assets idle and available for withdrawal. If the DAO agrees to a proposal to withdraw this portion of the funds, the stablecoin assets will increase to $3.2 million.

The treasury also holds 22.3 million MAGIC tokens, currently valued at around $2.3 million. Grants distributed to ecosystem game projects are priced in USD but actually paid out in $MAGIC, calculated based on the average price at the time of distribution. With the devaluation of $MAGIC, the actual amount of $MAGIC required has significantly increased, greatly reducing TreasureDAO's ability to fulfill.

Well, for this nail-biting situation, it seems it can also be explained by "decision-making errors and failure to pivot in time." However, the financial expenditure of TreasureDAO has also left some players puzzled—after all, isn't the developed game a AAA title? Is it really necessary to burn through so much money?

Still based on John Patten's disclosure, TreasureDAO's annual personnel expenses are around $6.1 million, with annual operating costs of around $3 million, and the team size once approached 40 people. When I asked ChatGPT to help me find a traditional game company with annual operating costs of around $10 million, the answer ChatGPT provided was an American game company, Telltale Games, which had once produced "The Walking Dead" and had an employee count of about 90 people.

Arbitrum official Nina Rong also commented on TreasureDAO's financial difficulties:

Has TreasureDAO moved funds to zkSync? Yes, they have, but they are also burning through them. A grant from Zk Foundation totaling about $1.1 million, half of which has been committed to the game project and will unlock over two years. The fixed annual operating cost of running the Treasure Chain is $0.45 million (priced in USDC), and even with the planned unlocks, Treasure Chain would still lose $0.175 million annually.

Conclusion

The dilemma faced by TreasureDAO may be the same dilemma faced by all projects in the crypto space. It's difficult to blame them for expanding outward when they had surplus at home, but they tightened their belts way too late. This unexpected announcement caused a drop in $MAGIC's price, undoubtedly making a bad situation worse.

Currently, TreasureDAO has laid off 15 employees, completely terminated its game publishing stack and game distribution, communicated with game partners to cancel remaining grants, reduced its annual spending from $7.5 million to $3.8 million, and plans to further reduce it to $3 million in the next few months.

However, John Patten also emphasized that if $MAGIC experiences a significant devaluation after the announcement and fails to recover, TreasureDAO will struggle to survive until 2026.

He proposed that TreasureDAO undergo strategic contraction, focusing on four areas: the NFT market, Bridgeworld, Smol World, and AI Agent. Multiple governance proposals are also forthcoming, including allocating a liquidation fee, withdrawing idle assets from the liquidity provider Flowdesk, confirming new product directions, and shutting down Treasure Chain.

TreasureDAO will still create games, but the vision of being the "Web3 Nintendo" has been completely erased. Facing survival, they are no longer able to pursue their former ideals.

This ideal was not only theirs, but once belonged to the entire Web3 community. Whether as project leaders like them or as Web3 users like us, perhaps we have never lost our ideals, but maybe we all feel the melancholy of shattered ideals.

An era has come to an end.

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Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Infrastructure Bill'

Original Title: "Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Genius Act'"Original Author: 0xTodd, Partner at Nothing Research


If the US stablecoin bill, the "GENIUS Act," passes smoothly this time, its significance will be tremendous. I even think it's significant enough to enter the top five in Crypto history.



Although abbreviated as the GENIUS Act, which translates directly to the Genius Act, it is actually the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins, which translates to "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Dollar Stablecoins."


The proposal is lengthy, with several key points summarized for everyone:


· Mandatory 1:1 Full Asset Backing: Assets include cash, demand deposits, and short-term US Treasuries. At the same time, misappropriation and rehypothecation are strictly prohibited.


· High-Frequency Disclosure: Reserve reports must be published at least monthly, introducing external audits.


· Licensing Requirement: Once the circulating market cap of the issuer's stablecoin exceeds $100 billion, it must transition into the federal regulatory system within a specified timeframe, adopting banking-grade regulation.


· Introduction of Custody: The custodian of the stablecoin and its reserve assets must be a regulated qualified financial institution.


· Clear Definition as a Payment Medium: The bill explicitly defines stablecoin as a new type of payment medium, primarily regulated by the banking regulatory system, rather than restricted by the securities or commodities regulatory system.


· Embracing Existing Stablecoins: A maximum 18-month grace period after the bill's enactment, aimed at encouraging existing stablecoin issuers (such as USDT, USDC, etc.) to promptly obtain licenses or become compliant.


After finishing the main content, let's talk about the significance of this matter with an excited heart.


Over the years, when others asked, "After working in the Crypto industry for 16 years, what application have you created?"


In the future, you can confidently tell others—Stablecoins.


First, Clearing Concerns is a Prerequisite


Some people have held opposing views. In the past, people's impression of stablecoins was that they were an opaque black box. Every few months, there would be FUD — whether Tether's assets were frozen or Circle had a significant black hole deficit.


In fact, if you think about it, Tether easily rakes in billions of dollars a year just from the interest on those underlying government bonds. Circle, slightly less, also made a $1.7 billion profit last year.


They basically made money while standing there. From a motivational standpoint, they have no malicious intentions. In fact, they are the most eager for compliance.


Now, this opaque black box will become a transparent white box.


In the past, the only complaint was that Tether's funds might have been frozen by the United States. Now, they will be directly placed into U.S. compliant custodial institutions, with high-frequency disclosures, so you can rest assured.


【No need to worry about a rug pull】 is such a huge advantage—I think especially all Crypto people understand this.


Second, Mastering the Standard is Very Important


Stablecoins were once almost on the verge of being overtaken by CBDCs. In any country, if a central bank digital currency really exists, it is highly likely not built on a blockchain, at most it is built on some internal central bank consortium chain, which to be honest, is meaningless.


When CBDCs were at their peak, that was the most dangerous time for stablecoins.


If CBDCs had become a reality back then, stablecoins today would have been relentlessly suppressed into a dark corner, and blockchain would only be able to play a minimal role.


The remaining half-dead stablecoins would even have to learn the standards of central bank digital currencies, completely relinquishing their standard-setting power.


And now, stablecoins have won (or are about to).


Instead, everyone should learn the 【Blockchain + Token】 standard.


Nowadays, many blockchains actually have no meaningful applications on top, only stablecoin transfers. For example, with Aptos, the only scenario I use Aptos for is transfers between Binance and OKX.


And now, stablecoins will be legislated, what does that mean?


That's right, blockchain will become the only standard.


In the future, every stablecoin user will be the first to learn how to use a wallet.


As an aside, I actually think Ethereum's concerted push for EIP-7702 is quite forward-thinking. While other chains are all about memes, thank you Ethereum for sticking to account abstraction.



EIP-7702 is about Account Abstraction, which can support, for example:


· Social Account Registration Wallet

· Paying GAS with Native Coin

· And more


This paves the way for future new users to heavily use stablecoins, solving the last-mile problem.


Third, Deposit Enters a New Era


Furthermore, once stablecoins receive legislative support, deposits and withdrawals will become even easier.


Let's imagine a scenario: previously, hindered by the gray nature of stablecoins, but after the bill passes, many traditional brokerages can support stablecoins themselves. The money from a US stock investor can be converted into stablecoins in minutes and instantly deposited into Coinbase. Believe it or not.



Let's imagine another scenario: if the brilliant bill smoothly passes through the House of Representatives, next, you will see:


Due to the extremely lucrative nature of this trading, existing stablecoin leaders and newly entering traditional giants will crazily start promoting their stablecoin products.


And an outsider, due to these promotions, will start using stablecoins. And then one day, after finding out that the wallet account has been created, will explore Bitcoin inside. Is mining Bitcoin difficult?


Stablecoins are a huge Trojan horse. The moment you start using stablecoins, you unwittingly step half a foot into the Crypto world.


Fourth, Conclusion


As a large reservoir for digesting US debt, although stablecoins cannot directly absorb debt, they at least provide ammunition for the US debt secondary market. These functions are quite important, and slowly, stablecoins are becoming a part of the US debt market's body. Therefore, once the US legislation is passed and experiences the benefits, there is no turning back.


And, we are also confident that stablecoins are indeed one of the great innovations in our industry. People who have used stablecoins will find it hard to return to the traditional cash-banking system.


Once the bill is passed, users can't go back. In the future, concerns are about to be resolved, standards will be mastered, and the era of large deposits seems to be on the horizon.


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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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